全科住培中肛肠外科的教学模式探索  

Exploration on the Teaching Mode of Anorectal Surgery in General Resident Training

作　　者：高显华 李娟 郑楠薪 GAO Xianhua;LI Juan;ZHENG Nanxin(Department of Colorectal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University/Changhai Hospital,Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University/Changhai Hospital,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学第一附属医院/上海长海医院肛肠外科,上海200433 [2]海军军医大学第一附属医院/上海长海医院肾内科,上海200433

出　　处：《中国继续医学教育》2025年第1期156-160,共5页China Continuing Medical Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82372903);海军军医大学第一附属医院“234学科攀峰计划”资助项目(2020YXK022);上海市卫生健康委员会科研项目(202240350);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2503701)。

摘　　要：全科住院医师的规范化培训对于提高我国基层医疗卫生机构的诊疗水平、解决广大人民群众看病难的问题具有重要意义。目前,我国在全科医师的肛肠外科规范化培训方面还处于探索阶段。肛肠外科疾病发病率高,病情复杂多变,还存在教学任务重、教学时间短、涉及患者隐私和实践机会少等诸多问题。为了解决这些问题,首先根据基层医院的具体需求制定培训目标和相应的培训方案。其次,不仅要对他们进行病房急危重症患者的救治培训,更要重视门诊常见疾病的诊治培训。另外,要充分应用人体模型、临床小讲课、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)进行培训,提高培训的效率和效果。而且,要注重自主学习能力和诊治规范性的培养,打造高素质的基层医疗人才。最后,还要严格落实各项教学的规章制度,保证日常教学活动的高效开展。并在教学实践中反复改进培训方案和教学方法,不断提升全科医师在肛肠外科领域的诊疗水平。The standardized training of general practice residents is vital to improve the diagnosis and treatment quality of primary health care institutions,and relieve the difficulty in seeking medical treatment for the general population in China.At present,China is still a beginner in the standardized training of general practitioners in anorectal surgery.The incidences of anorectal diseases are very high and the disease order of severity vary greatly.There are still many other problems,such as heavy teaching tasks,short teaching period,involvement of patient privacy,and scarcity of practice opportunities.In order to solve these problems,training objectives are firstly formulated according to the specific needs of primary health care institutions,and then the corresponding training programs are developed.Secondly,they are trained not only on the treatment of critical and emergent patients in the ward,but also on the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in outpatient clinics.In addition,it is necessary to make full use of various new teaching methods and models,such as simulated models,small clinical lectures,PBL and CBL teaching methods to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of training.Moreover,abilities of independent learning and standardization of diagnosis and treatment should also be cultivated for them to become high-quality primary medical staffs.Finally,all teaching rules and regulations must be strictly implemented to ensure the efficient enforcement of daily teaching activities.Training programs and teaching methods should also be modified continuously in teaching practice,to improve the diagnosis and treatment quality of general practitioners in the field of anorectal surgery.

关 键 词：全科医师 住院医师 规范化培训 肛肠外科 教学模式 教学法 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]