论湛若水的“随处体认天理”  

On Zhan Ruoshui's“Recognizing the Principles of Heaven Everywhere”

作　　者：张学智[1] Zhang Xuezhi

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学门》2024年第1期1-14,共14页Beida Journal of Philosophy

摘　　要：湛若水的学术宗旨“随处体认天理”,体认的对象是性体,即被人心所包贯的生生本性。强调性体的普遍性、绝对性,性体即道,随处体认天理即在具体行为上实现心与道俱的目标。这与朱子获得客体之理的格物致知不同,也与王阳明推致心中本具的道德情感的致良知不同,有调和理学心学的倾向。湛若水从老师陈献章处接受了较多的自然性,主张对心中本有天理的自然顺承,故强调“勿忘勿助”。他与王阳明的辩论,代表了明中期心学思想不同形态的交锋。The academic tenet of Zhan Ruoshui is“recognizing the principles of heaven everywhere”,and the object of recognition is the principles of heaven,that is,the nature of life wrapped by the mind.His emphasizing the universality and absoluteness of nature,nature is Tao,recognizing the principles of heaven everywhere is to realize the goal of unification in mind and Tao at specific behavior.This is different from Zhu Xi’s theory of investigating object,with Wang Yangming’s extention of innate knowledge.He has the tendency of harmonizing the theory of the principle and mind.Zhan Ruoshui accepted more naturalness from his master Chen Xianzhang and advocated obedience to nature,so he emphasized“don’t forget and don’t help”.The debate between him and Wang Yangming represented the confrontation of different forms of mind theory in the middle period of Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：湛若水 王阳明 随处体认天理 勿忘勿助 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]