纾解过度教育焦虑的可能与可为--基于合理性理论的分析  

Possible and Possible Ways to Relieve Over-education Anxiety--Analysis Based on Rationality Theory

作　　者：李帆 黄湾 LI Fan;HUANG Wan(Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330022,China;Nanchang Jiaotong Institute,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330100,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学教育学院,江西南昌330022 [2]南昌交通学院,江西南昌330100

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2025年第2期33-46,共14页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：江西省2023年度哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目“高等教育评价数字技术应用的伦理风险与预防研究”(编号:23ZXSKJD27)。

摘　　要：教育焦虑是教育主体因教育不确定性所产生的担忧、紧张、不安等情绪,过度教育焦虑已成为当前教育的普遍病症,不仅损害教育主体的身心健康,还扰乱正常的教育秩序,甚至导致教育生态的整体恶化。教育焦虑现象的复杂性呼唤研究者从学理层面确证其存在的正当性,从而为行动改善提供依据。合理性理论旨在追问人类实践何以可能,始终以人的需要为根本尺度,在批判不合理的实践基础上建构合理化的发展路径,为审视过度教育焦虑现象提供了新的视角和方法。教育焦虑存在的合理前提就在于它是教育作为培养人的实践活动的消极产物,具体表征为客观实在与主观建构、合目的性与合规律性、真善美的统一。教育主体的焦虑体验有其发生的必然性,但在特定条件下可以转化为个人成长的内在动力,为此应在体认自我的基础上把握教育焦虑的限度,探寻焦虑情绪的合理区间、关怀教育活动中的个体生命、完善多元联通的教育评价体系,让焦虑在与教育共存的局面中实现合理转化,从而将教育焦虑转化为促进人自由而全面发展的不竭动力。Educational anxiety is the worry,tension,and unease experienced by educational subjects due to educa-tional uncertainty.Excessive educational anxiety has become a common disease in current education,not only damaging the physical and mental health of educational subjects,but also disrupting the normal educational order,and even leading to the overall deterioration of the educational ecosystem.The complexity of the educational anxiety phenomenon calls for researchers to verify its legitimacy from a theoretical perspective,in order to provide a basis for action improvement.The rationality theory aims to question why human practice is possible,always taking human needs as the fundamental scale,and constructing a rational development path based on criticizing unreasonable practices,providing a new perspective and method for examining the phenomenon of excessive educational anxiety.The reasonable premise for the existence of educa-tional anxiety lies in it as a negative product of cultivating people's practical activities,which is characterized by the uni-ty of objective reality and subjective construction,purposefulness and regularity,and truth,godness and beauty.The anx-iety experience of educational subjects is inevitable,but it can be transformed into an internal driving force for personal growth under specific conditions.Therefore,based on self-awareness,we should grasp the limits of educational anxiety,ex-plore the reasonable range and boundaries of anxiety emotions,care for individual life in educational activities,improve a diverse and interconnected educational evaluation system,and enable education to achieve reasonable transformation in the coexistence of anxiety,thereby transforming educational anxiety into an inexhaustible driving force for promoting human freedom and comprehensive development.

关 键 词：教育焦虑 合理性理论 教育主体 教育现代性 教育实践 教育评价 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]