拔尖创新人才培养视域下我国研究生教育教学改革:旨趣、偏误与矫正——基于对研究生教育国家级教学成果的循证评价  

From the perspective of cultivating top-notch innovative talents,the reform of graduate education and teaching in China:purpose,bias,and correction-based on evidence-based evaluation of national level teaching achievements in graduate education

作　　者：钟勇为[1] 杨雅琳 余晨 肖敏[2] ZHONG Yongwei;YANG Yalin;YU Chen;XIAO Min(School of Teacher Education,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013;Graduate School of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学教师教育学院,镇江212013 [2]西北工业大学研究生院,西安710072

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第1期9-18,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“研究生创新行为影响机理与培养路径研究”(22JYB018);江苏省学位与研究生教育教学改革重点课题“研究生拔尖创新人才培养共生系统的关键影响要素与构建路径”(JGKT23_B059)的部分成果

摘　　要：基于教学成果、教学改革与拔尖创新人才培养之间的耦合性,探讨拔尖创新人才培养视域下研究生教育教学改革实践的何为、难为与可为,不仅必要而且可行。通过对研究生教育国家级教学成果的分析发现,拔尖创新人才培养视域下我国研究生教育教学改革呈现如下旨趣特点:在改革向度上,强调服务强国建设和国家战略需求,基于拔尖创新人才培养项目导向开展教学改革;在改革目标上,立足实践去解决“真问题”,寻求拔尖创新人才育人与育才的统一;在改革重点上,注重人才培养模式改革与专业建设,偏重工程技术专业类的拔尖创新人才培养。我国研究生教育教学改革在助推拔尖创新人才培养的过程中,存有忽视课堂改革、教学方法改革之偏失,显露出理论与实践割裂、研用脱节等症候,改革成效评价存在教学泛化、以“点”代“面”等偏误。面向未来,我国研究生教育教学改革实践的改进有赖于相关主体突破和矫正认知偏差,在认知与行动上处理好宏观与微观、目标与实践、整体与部分以及公平与效益的关系,而且要更加注重系统集成、突出拔尖创新人才培养的实效。Based on the coupling between teaching achievements,teaching reform,and the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents,it is not only necessary but also feasible to explore the practical aspects,difficulties,and possibilities of graduate education and teaching reform from the perspective of cultivating top-notch innovative talents.Based on the analysis of the teaching achievements of national level graduate education,it is found that the reform of graduate education and teaching in China from the perspective of cultivating top-notch innovative talents presents the following characteristics:in terms of reform,it emphasizes serving the construction of a strong country and national strategic needs,and carries out teaching reform based on the guidance of top-notch innovative talent training projects;In terms of reform goals,we should focus on practice to solve"real problems"and seek the unity of cultivating and nurturing top-notch innovative talents;In the focus of reform,emphasis is placed on the reform of talent training models and professional construction,with a particular emphasis on cultivating top-notch innovative talents in engineering and technology majors.In the process of promoting the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents through the reform of graduate education and teaching in our country,there is a bias of neglecting classroom reform and teaching method reform,revealing symptoms such as the disconnect between theory and practice,and the disconnection between research and application.The evaluation of reform effectiveness has errors such as teaching generalization and taking a part for the whole.The improvement of the reform practice of graduate education and teaching in China in the future depends on the breakthrough and correction of cognitive biases by relevant entities,and the handling of relationships between macro and micro,goals and practices,whole and part,and fairness and effectiveness in cognition and action.

关 键 词：拔尖创新人才 研究生教育 教学改革 教学成果 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]