日本高职体系实践化转型先导:“职业实践专门课程”的兴起及意义  

The Forerunner of the Practical Transformation to the Higher Vocational Education System in Japan:The Rise and Significance of Vocational Practical Professional Courses

作　　者：孙雨 朱文富[1] SUN Yu;ZHU Wenfu(College of Education,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第12期105-121,共17页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学一般项目“战后日本职业教育史”(课题编号:BOA190037)。

摘　　要：2014年起由专门学校设立的“职业实践专门课程”,是日本高等职业教育体系基于国内外形势而向现代新“实践型”高职体系转型的首个重要举措,它由专门学校界与日本政府共同促成。基于“高度化”与“正规化”的“实践化”是它超越以往专门课程的核心特征,其现实表现即是制度性的全过程校企合作与产学协同。在实践层面,此类课程自创设起即实现了规模扩充,迅速改变了专门学校的办学格局,并在有序实施的过程中逐步获得了社会认可。此类课程的实施不仅促进了专门学校自身转型升级与校企合作的制度化,还在一定程度上承继了“企业内培训”的价值,推动了专门职大学建立与短期大学实践化转型。考察“职业实践专门课程”的制度缘起、内涵、实施及意义,对于认识过去及今后日本高职教育的发展具有重要价值。The"Vocational Practical Professional Courses"set up by Specialized Training Colleges since 2014 is the first important measure for Japan's higher vocational education system to transform into a modern practical higher vocational education system under the influence of domestic and foreign development situation.It is jointly facilitated by Specialized Training Colleges and the Japanese government.The"practicalization"based on"high-level"and"regularization"is the core feature of the curriculum that surpasses the previous Professional Courses,and its practical manifestation is the whole process of institutional school-enterprise cooperation and industry-university collaboration.Such courses have mushroomed since their inception,rapidly changing the original situation of Specialized Training Colleges,and gradually gaining recognition in the process of orderly implementation.The implementation of such courses not only promoted transformation and upgrading of Specialized Training Colleges themselves and the institutionalization and systematization of college-enterprise cooperation mechanism,but also inherited the value of"enterprise training"system to a certain extent,and promoted the establishment of"Professional and Vocational Universities"and the practical transformation of Junior College.It is of great value to study the origin,content,implementation and significance of the system of"Vocational Practical Professional Courses"for understanding the development of Japanese higher vocational education in the past and the future.

关 键 词：日本 高等职业教育 专门学校 职业实践专门课程 校企合作 

分 类 号：G71[文化科学—职业技术教育学] G313[文化科学—教育学]