工学结合的概念透视、类型区分与理念嬗变——兼论对专业学位研究生教育的赋能效应  

Conceptual Insight,Type Distinction and Idea Evolution of Work-integrated Learning--Discussion about Empowering Effect on Professional Degree Graduate Education

作　　者：罗英姿[1] 张志远 陈尔东 LUO Ying-zi;ZHANG Zhi-yuan;CHEN Er-dong(College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2025年第1期55-67,共13页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“生命历程视角下博士职业发展及影响机制研究:以涉农学科为例”(72074115);江苏省学位与研究生教育教学改革项目“学术学位与专业学位研究生教育分类发展路径研究”(JGKT24_B009);中央高校基本科研业务费南农大人文社科基金项目(SKCX2023004)。

摘　　要：本研究理论辨析工学结合概念内涵,并依据学生所处的工作场所边界、工作场所体验等判断标准,将工学结合进一步归纳为“工作场所嵌入式工学结合”“工作场所融合式工学结合”“非工作场所式工学结合”三种基本类型;同时,从培养实践切入,阐释当代工学结合的理念嬗变,包括由默会知识习得转向实践知识建构、由工作实践体验转向实践能力增值、由特定岗位的身份规训转向构建人职匹配联系。在此基础上,实证探索工学结合对我国专业学位研究生成长发展的赋能成效,分析表明,相对于融合式工学结合,传统的嵌入式工学结合在实践知识建构、实践能力增值与人职匹配方面更具有效性,考虑到合作企业规模、实习岗位数量等约束,非工作场所式工学结合亦可成为落实产教协同育人、强化研究生与工作世界联系的备选方案。This study theoretically analyzes the connotation of the concept of work-integrated learning and further categorizes it into three basic types,including"workplace-embedded work-integrated learning,""workplace-blended work-integrated learning,"and"mon-workplace work-integrated learning,"based on the criteria of workplace boundaries and workplace experience of the students.At the same time,from the perspective of training practice,it explains the evolution of the concept of contemporary work-integrated learning,including the shift from tacit knowledge acquisition to practical knowledge construction,from work practice experience to practical ability value-added,and from the identity training of specific posts to the construction of person-job matching.On this basis,this study empirically explores the effectiveness of work-integrated learning on the growth and development of professional degree graduate students.The analysis shows that,compared with the blended work-integrated learning,the traditional embedded work-integrated learning is more effective in terms of practical knowledge construction,practical ability value-added and person-job matching.Considering constraints such as the scale of cooperative enterprises and the number of internship positions,non-workplace work-integrated learning can also become an alternative scheme to implement industry-education collaboration and strengthen the connection between graduate students and the work world.

关 键 词：工学结合 实践知识 实践能力 人职匹配 专业学位研究生 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]