广州市郊区市售乳粉及乳制品中重金属监测与风险评估  

Monitoring and risk assessment of heavy metals in milk powder and dairy products of market sale in the suburbs of Guangzhou

作　　者：周洪伟[1] 潘心红[1] 朱惠扬[1] 李军涛[1] 程焰芳[1] 王燕燕 王大虎[1] 张玉华[1] ZHOU Hongwei;PAN Xinhong;ZHU Huiyang;LI Juntao;CHENG Yanfang;WANG Yanyan;WANG Dahu;ZHANG Yuhua(Department of Physics and Chemistry,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心理化科,广东广州510440

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第4期356-360,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2022001);广州市科技计划项目(202102080276)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市郊区市售乳粉及乳制品中铅、总汞和总铬污染状况,评估该类金属在广州市郊区市售的乳粉及乳制品中的健康风险。方法2021年随机抽检广州市郊区4区市售乳粉及乳制品不同品种共108宗,统计分析采用占比对分类变量进行描述,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间比较,对得分的影响因素采用多元线性回归进行分析。采用美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型,对乳粉及乳制品中总铬、铅、总汞的含量进行评价。结果广州市郊区市售乳粉及乳制品中铅(Pb)、总汞(Hg)、总铬(Cr)均被检出,总检出率分别为Pb 12.04%(13/108)、Hg 6.48%(7/108)、Cr 18.52%(20/108)。不同重金属元素的检出率差异无统计学意义(χPb、Cr、Hg2=0.054、0.056、0.062,P>0.05),且均未超标。铅、总汞和总铬平均健康风险值分别为19.42×10^(-8)/a、13.00×10^(-9)/a和1.57×10^(-7)/a,低于国际防辐射委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5.00×10-5/a)。结论广州市郊区4区市售乳粉及乳制品中铅、总汞和总铬的合格率总体良好,均符合国家标准。Pb、Hg和Cr健康风险值较低,虽在可接受水平下健康危险影响较小,但需要加强对乳粉及乳制品生产、销售环节的风险评估,防患于未然。Objective To assess the contamination levels of lead,total mercury,and total chromium in milk powder and dairy products of market sale in suburban Guangzhou,and to to assess the health risks of these metals in milk powder and dairy products of market sale in the suburbs of Guangzhou City.Methods In 2021,a total of 108 samples of of different varieties of milk powder and dairy products of market sale in four suburban districts and cities of the suburbs of Guangzhou were randomly collected.Statistical analysis was conducted to describe categorical variables using percentages,while Chi-square test was applied for the comparison of rates,and Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparison between groups.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the scores.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the contents of total chromium,lead and total mercury in those milk powder and dairy products.Results Lead(Pb),total mercury(Hg)and total chromium(Cr)were all detected in milk powder and dairy products of market sale in suburban Guangzhou.The overall detection rates were Pb 12.04%(13/108),Hg 6.48%(7/108),Cr 18.52%(20/108).There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates among different heavy metals(χ^(2)_(Pb,Cr,Hg)=0.054,0.056,0.062,P>0.05),and none of the detected levels exceeded regulatory limits.The calculated health risk values for Pb,Hg,and Cr were 19.42×10^(-8)/a,13.00×10^(-9)/a,and 1.57×10^(-7)/a which were the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(5.00×10^(-5)/a).Conclusion The qualified rates of lead,total mercury and total chromium in milk powder and dairy products of market sale in the four suburban districts of Guangzhou City are generally good,with all of them meeting the national standards.Health risk value of Pb,Hg and Cr is low.The health hazard effects are relatively low at acceptable levels.Nonetheless,it is essential to enhance risk

关 键 词：乳粉 乳制品 重金属 监测 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.57[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]