实践共同体视域下高职学生的职业技能习得机制——基于高职院校职业技能竞赛选手的质性研究  

Vocational Skills Acquisition Mechanism of Higher Vocational Students from the Perspective of Community of Practice——A Qualitative Study Based on Vocational Skills Competitors in Higher Vocational Colleges

作　　者：钱鉴楠 QIAN Jiannan(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《当代职业教育》2025年第2期11-20,共10页Contemporary Vocational Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题“技能型社会下我国产业工人技能形成体系的构建与实现路径”(编号:BJA230037)。

摘　　要：对于技能习得机制的理解深度影响高职院校技能人才的培养质量。目前关于学生技能习得机制的研究更多关注的是客观的心理机制,缺少专门从学生感知出发的研究。以高职院校职业技能竞赛选手为对象,借助实践共同体理论,通过深度访谈和田野观察,发现高职学生职业技能习得过程倾向对具体情境的直接感知,习得结构多是基于实践问题进行组织,习得方式多以学生之间的隐性学习为主,习得资源多是有限且需要竞争去获取。对自身内部身份的感知、新手边缘参与学习的位置、成员间技能授受的语言交流以及对有限技能习得资源的调动构成了高职学生职业技能习得的动力、参与、交互、保障四大机制。The depth of understanding of the skills acquisition mechanism significantly impacts the quality of skilled talent cultivation in higher vocational colleges.Currently,research on students'skills acquisition mechanism primarily focuses on objective psychological mechanism,and lacks specific research from students'perspectives.Taking vocational skills competitors in higher vocational colleges as the target,we analyzed these students through in-depth interviews and field observations,guided by the theory of community of practice.The findings reveal that the vocational skill acquisition process of higher vocational students tends to be direct perception of concrete things;the structure of acquisition is predominantly based on the organization of practical problems,the mode of acquisition relies heavily on implicit learning among students,and acquisition resources are limited and subject to competition.The four major mechanisms underlying skills acquisition of higher vocational students are motivation(perceived internal identity),participation(novice marginal involvement in learning),interaction(verbal communication in skills acquisition),and guarantee(mobilization of limited skill acquisition resources).

关 键 词：实践共同体 高职学生 职业技能 习得机制 隐性学习 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]