重建共同体:个体化时代道德教育的突围  

Reconstructing Community:The Breakthrough of Moral Education in the Age of Individualization

作　　者：孙永敏 程红艳[2] 刘莎 SUN Yongmin;CHENG Hongyan;LIU Sha(Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068;Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学马克思主义学院,430068 [2]华中师范大学道德教育研究所,430079

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2025年第3期5-13,共9页Educational Science Research

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“道德竞争的伦理风险研究”(BEA200119)的成果之一。

摘　　要：在占有性个人主义兴起的个体化时代,机械的社会本位德育思想逐渐丧失吸引力,表现出对集体的信任危机、组织关怀危机、个体存在的本体性焦虑等多重困境。某种程度上,重建共同体可以弥合当前工具性联合体的陌生人社会形态所带来的信任危机与关怀危机。共同体是在共同善、紧密互动与关怀关系基础上建立起来的社会群体,能够使个体之间充分实现理解性共在和参与性建构的社会关系。重建共同体的德育改革,呼吁学校成为关怀共同体、道德共同体和民主共同体,倡导教育领域中“他人优先”伦理价值诉求的首要性,强调培育以关系理性为核心的共同体精神,认为德育过程应以建构“共同善”为中心。重建共同体的实践路径表现为建构实体化的关怀共同体、学习共同体与志趣共同体。In the era of individualization marked by the rise of possessive individualism,the mechanical idea of socialbased moral education has gradually lost its attraction,showing multiple dilemmas such as the crisis of trust in the collective,the crisis of care in the organization,and the ontological anxiety of individual existence.The collective has been reduced to a mechanical hierarchical organization,and due to the rigidity and coldness brought about by the characteristics of hierarchical,rule-based,depersonalized and technological,it is difficult to become a"collective"that is loved by its members.To a certain extent,rebuilding the community can bridge the crisis of trust and care brought about by the current social form of the instrumental association of strangers.Community is a social group built on the basis of common goodness,close interaction and caring relationship,which enables individuals to realize the social relationship of understanding and participatory construction.The moral education reform for rebuilding the community calls for the school to become a caring community,a moral community,and a democratic community,advocates the primacy of the ethical value of"others first"in the field of education,emphasizes the cultivation of the community spirit centered on relational rationality,and believes that the process of moral education should be centered on the construction of the"common good".It is believed that the process of moral education should be centered on the construction of"common good".The practical path to rebuild the community is manifested in the construction of a physical community of care,learning community and community of interest.

关 键 词：社会本位 共同体 学校德育 集体主义 占有式个人主义 

分 类 号：G410[文化科学—教育学]