从句法角度看日语存在句与所在句的区分问题——以汉译实例为中心  

On the distinction between Japanese existential sentence and locational sentence from the perspective of syntax:Focusing on Chinese translation examples

作　　者：邓超群[1] Deng Chaoqun

机构地区：[1]湖南大学,湖南省长沙市410082

出　　处：《高等日语教育》2024年第2期73-82,179,共11页Advanced Japanese Language Education

基　　金：2024年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉日动结复杂述谓构式的句法语义界面研究”(24BYY075)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：存在与所在是密不可分的两个概念。日语用同一个存在动词「ある」即可表示存在与所在2个含义,但翻译成汉语时,对应的却是2个不同的动词“有”和“在”。本文通过对从“中日对译平行语料库”中抽取出来的日语「~に~がある」「~は~にある」句式的实例进行分析,讨论了日语存在动词「ある」的词源及汉字书写等问题,并从“新旧信息”与“有定无定”两个角度,探讨了日语存在句与所在句的区分问题。总的来说,语义上的新旧信息是区分日语存在句与所在句的一个主要考量指标,此外存在主体的有定性也是区分日语存在句与所在句的一个重要标准。Existence and location are two inseparable concepts.In Japanese,the existential verb"Aru"is utilized to convey both the meanings of existence and location,but when translated into Chinese,it corresponds to two different verbs“You”for existence and“Zai”for location.Based on the analysis of the sample sentences of Japanese“~ni~ga aru”and“~wa~ni aru”structures extracted from the Chinese-Japanese parallel corpus,this paper discusses the etymology of the Japanese existential verb and the notation(hyouki)of kanji,and the distinction between the Japanese existential sentence and the locative sentence from the perspectives of new and old information,as well as definiteness and nondefiniteness.Generally speaking,the new or old semantic information serves as a primary criterion for distinguishing Japanese existential sentences and locative sentences.Additionally,the existence of the subject is also an important factor in differentiating these two types of sentences.

关 键 词：日语 存在句 所在句 句法 汉译 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]