义务教育师资配置地区差异及演化趋势研究  

A Research on the Regional Differences and Evolution Trends in the Allocation of Compulsory Education Teachers in China

作　　者：闫超栋[1] 皮武[2] YAN Chaodong;PI Wu(Commercial College,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an,223300 Jiangsu;College of Educational Sciences,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an,223300 Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院商学院 [2]淮阴师范学院教育科学学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2025年第3期3-14,共12页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“中国城乡义务教育一体化发展的区域差异及深化策略研究”(编号:18YJC880101)。

摘　　要：教师是教育发展的第一资源,它的均衡配置是缩小区域差距、提升义务教育质量的关键。研究基于2011—2021年我国省级面板数据,选取师生比、高于规定学历专任教师比例、高级职称专任教师比例三项指标,着重就我国义务教育师资配置的地区差异、空间收敛性问题进行深入分析。研究发现,我国义务教育师资配置的整体水平不断提高,地区差异逐渐缩小,但部分指标的区域非均衡现象依然存在;除小学高级职称专任教师比例指标外,其他几项观测指标将在未来一定的时间内收敛到相对一致的水平,即达到省际间相对均衡的状态。基于研究发现,提出精准监测义务教育师资配置、优化乡村教师编制管理、加大优质师资的“在地化”培养、重视构建教师发展共同体四个方面的政策建议,以期为我国进一步优化义务教育师资配置提供参考。Teachers are the primary resource for education development,and their balanced allocation is the key to narrow regional gap and improve the quality of compulsory education.Therefore,based on the provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2021,this study delves into the regional differences and spatial convergence of the allocation of teachers in compulsory education of primary school phase and junior high school phase in China,from the perspectives of three indicators,including the ratio of students to teachers,the proportion of full-time teachers with academic qualifications higher than that set by China,and the proportion of full-time teachers with higher professional titles.It finds that the overall level of the allocation of teachers in Chinese compulsory education has been improving,and the regional differences have become increasingly insignificant,while there is still regional imbalance of some indicators.With the exception of the senior teacher ratio indicator for primary schools,other observational metrics are projected to reach relative convergence within a foreseeable timeframe,that is to achieve a relatively balanced state between provinces.The study proposes the following four strategic recommendations to enhance teacher allocation in compulsory education:implementing precise monitoring systems for teacher allocation for compulsory education,optimizing staffing management for rural teachers,strengthening“localized”cultivation of high-quality teaching professionals,and fostering collaborative teacher development communities.These policy suggestions are designed to offer strategic direction and practical reference for improving teacher allocation in China’s compulsory education system.

关 键 词：义务教育 师资配置 地区差异 演化趋势 空间收敛性 

分 类 号：G522.3[文化科学—教育学]