美国消除数字鸿沟的特点与路径——基于1996—2024年《国家教育技术计划》的分析  

Characteristics and Approaches to Bridging the Digital Divide in the United States: An Analysis Based on the National Educational Technology Plan(1996-2024)

作　　者：李文英[1] 张叶莎 Wenying LI Yesha ZHANG(Institute of Education,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《中国教育信息化》2025年第3期85-95,共11页Chinese Journal of ICT in Education

摘　　要：美国发布《国家教育技术计划》的主要目的之一是解决因教育技术发展不平等而产生的数字鸿沟问题。其主要改革路径为:强化数字鸿沟理论研究,为认识其本质、成因及影响筑牢理论基础;全面提升教育技术基础设施建设,保障各地学生均能获取先进资源,弥合城乡与区域差距,消除数字访问鸿沟;贯彻落实通用设计原则,增强教育技术产品与服务的包容性,满足不同学生需求,消除数字使用鸿沟;提升教师课程设计能力,助力教师高效运用教育技术提高教学质量,消除数字设计鸿沟;整合社会各界资源,分工协作,凝聚合力推动教育公平。这些行动举措具有前瞻性、专业性、合作性等特点。通过分析美国在消除数字鸿沟方面的经验举措,也为我国提供了以下几点启示:一是政企校三方协同,助力消除数字访问鸿沟;二是提升教师数字技能,助力消除数字设计、使用鸿沟;三是调整优化资源结构,助力弱势群体平等获取教育资源;四是统筹协调社会力量,助力教育公平、可持续、稳定发展。One of the primary objectives of the United States in promulgating the National Educational Technology Plan is to tackle the digital divide issue arising from the unequal development of educational technology.The principal reform approaches are as follows:Intensify theoretical research on the digital divide to establish a robust theoretical foundation for comprehending its essence,causes,and implications;comprehensively upgrade the construction of educational technology infrastructure to ensure that students everywhere can access advanced resources,bridge the urban-rural and regional disparities,and eliminate the digital access divide;implement the principle of universal design to enhance the incllusiveness of educational technology products and services,meet the diverse needs of students,and eliminate the digital usage divide;enhance teachers’curriculum design capabilities,enabling them to effectively utilize educational technology in teaching,improve educational quality,and eliminate the digital design divide;integrate resources from various sectors of society,collaborate with division of labor,and converge efforts to promote educational equity.These initiatives are characterized by their forward-looking nature,professionalism,and collaborative spirit.Analyzing the United States’experience and measures in eliminating the digital divide provides the following insights for China:Firstly,the government,enterprises,and educational institutions should collaborate to eliminate the digital access divide.Secondly,enhance teacher’s digital skills to help address the digital design and usage divides.Thirdly,adjust and optimize the resource structure to facilitate the equal access of disadvantaged groups to educational resources.Fourthly,coordinate social forces to support the equitable,sustainable and stable development of education.

关 键 词：国家教育技术计划 数字鸿沟 教育数字化 教育公平 美国 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]