青少年心理资本的年级差异、异质性及其与社会适应的关系  

The Grade-Related Differences and Heterogeneity of Psychological Capital in Adolescents and Its Relationship with Social Adaptation

作　　者：张阔[1] 张意雯 李珮瑜 ZHANG Kuo;ZHANG Yiwen;LI Peiyu(School of Sociology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院,天津300350 [2]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [3]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2024年第6期777-783,共7页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BSH131)。

摘　　要：当前研究对7304名青少年的心理资本和社会适应状况进行了调查,考察青少年心理资本的年级差异,分析了青少年心理资本的异质性分化及其与社会适应的关系。结果显示:(1)青少年的心理资本在初中阶段逐渐下降,在高中阶段又有所回升,总体上体现出明显的年级差异。(2)青少年的心理资本存在明显的异质性,在初中和高中阶段均分化为为积极型、良好型、普通型和风险型四个异质性亚组。(3)不同心理资本亚组的青少年在社会适应状况上两两之间差异显著,其中心理资本积极型和良好型青少年在情绪、人际、学业等方面的社会适应状况显著优于普通型和风险型青少年。研究深化了对中学阶段心理资本年级差异和分化模式的认识,对积极视角下青少年心理健康的评估和教育具有借鉴意义。The current study investigated 7304 adolescents using a series of scales of measuring psychological capital and Adaptation Scale for Adolescent,to examine grade-level differences in adolescent psychological capital and to analyze the heterogeneous differentiation of adolescent psychological capital and its relationship with social adaptation.The results showed that:1)Adolescents’psychological capital gradually declined in junior high school and then rebounded in senior high school,generally reflecting obvious grade differences.2)Adolescents’psychological capital was significantly heterogeneous,and differentiated into four heterogeneous subgroups,namely,positive,good,average and risky,in both junior and senior high school.3)There were significant differences in the social adaptation level of adolescents in different psychological capital subgroups,with positive and good psychological capital adolescents having significantly better social adaptation level than ordinary and risky adolescents in emotional,interpersonal,and academic domains.The study deepened the understanding of grade-level differences and differentiation patterns of psychological capital in secondary school,which has implications for the assessment and education of adolescents’mental health from a positive perspective.

关 键 词：青少年 心理资本 年级差异 异质性 社会适应 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]