清末中日两国近代法律用语交流的研究——以《法国刑法典》的翻译为例  

A Study on the Exchange of Modern Legal Terms Between China and Japan in the Late Qing Dynasty—Taking the Translation of The French Penal Code as an Example

作　　者：郑艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学求索荣誉学院

出　　处：《日本学研究》2023年第1期157-169,共13页

基　　金：2018年度教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“清末中国近代法律用语辞典中的日语借词研究”(编号:18YJC740149);2017年度天津市教育委员会科研项目“清末近代刑法文献中所见日语借词及其演变”(编号:2017SK166)的阶段成果

摘　　要：清末中日两国近代法律用语形成过程中始终伴随着语言接触现象,且出现了双向交流。为调查其具体过程,本文以清末两国五种《法国刑法典》译书为研究材料,结合法制史,运用翻译学和语言学的方法对该法典翻译策略、方法及译词展开对比研究。日译本一贯采用异化策略,翻译方法方面较多使用字义对等新词,尽量用术语翻译术语。汉译本翻译策略经历从归化到异化的改变,主要翻译方法则从将固有词赋予近代法新义、描述性释义短句、非专业术语等改为大量借用日本所创制的译词。幕末及明治初期,两国近代法律用语交流以中国向日本输出为主,词数较少,但稳定性强。甲午中日战争后,以日本向中国大规模输出为主,日语借词几乎全面替代直接译自欧美语言的译词,其中大量沿用至今。At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the formation of modern Chinese and Japanese legal terms was always accompanied by the phenomenon of language contact,and two-way communication appeared.In order to investigate the specific process,this article uses five translations of the French Penal Code in the late Qing Dynasty between China and Japan as research materials,combining the legal history,using the methods of translation and linguistics to conduct a comparative study on the translation strategies,methods and legal terms of this code.Japanese translators adopted the strategy of foreignization,made some semantically equivalent new words,and tried his best to use terminology in the translation.The translation strategy of Chinese translation has experienced the change from domestication to foreignization,while the main translation methods have changed from giving the inherent words to the new meaning of modern law,descriptive interpretation with short sentences and daily languages to borrowing many translation words created in Japan.At the end of the Shogunate and the early Meiji period,the modern legal terms exchanges between China and Japan were mainly exported from China to Japan,with a small number of words,but strong stability.After the Sino-Japanese War,Japan mainly exported modern legal terms to China on a large scale.Japanese loan words almost completely replaced the translated words directly translated from European and American languages,and a large number of words are still used in modern Chinese.

关 键 词：日语借词 语言接触 法律翻译 《法国刑法典》 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D956.5[历史地理—历史学] D914[历史地理—中国史] K252[语言文字—日语] H36