面向无人机航拍图像的YOLOv8目标检测改进算法  

An Improved YOLOv8 Object Detection Algorithm for UAV Aerial Images

作　　者：胡惠娟 秦一锋 徐鹤 李鹏 HU Huijuan;QIN Yifeng;XU He;LI Peng(School of Computer Science,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu HPC and Intelligent Processing Engineer Research Center,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学计算机学院、软件学院、网络空间安全学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省高性能计算与智能处理工程研究中心,南京210023

出　　处：《计算机科学》2025年第4期202-211,共10页Computer Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFB2103003)。

摘　　要：针对无人机视角下航拍图像目标检测中存在的目标尺度变化多样、背景复杂、小目标聚集以及无人机平台计算资源受限等问题,提出了一种改进YOLOv8目标检测算法YOLOv8-CEBI。首先,在骨干网络引入轻量级Context Guided模块,显著降低模型参数量与计算量,同时引入多尺度注意力机制EMA,捕获细粒度空间信息,提升对小目标和在复杂背景下的检测能力。其次,引入加权双向特征金字塔网络BiFPN,对颈部进行改造,在保持参数成本的前提下,增强多尺度特征融合能力。最后利用Inner-CIOU损失函数生成辅助边框以更精准地计算损失并加速边界框回归过程。在VisDrone数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与原始YOLOv8s算法相比,改进方法参数量减少51.3%,运算量减少28.5%,mAP50提升1.6%。所提模型在轻量化的同时提升了精度,取得了在减少计算资源与保证精度之间的平衡。Aiming at the problems of diverse target scales,complex backgrounds,small target aggregation,and limited computing resources of drone platforms target detection of aerial images,an improved YOLOv8 target detection algorithm YOLOv8-CEBI is proposed.Firstly,a lightweight Context Guided module is introduced into the backbone network to significantly reduce the number of model parameters and computation.At the same time,a multi-scale attention mechanism EMA is introduced to capture fine-grained spatial information and improve the detection ability for small targets and complex backgrounds.Secondly,the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network BIFPN is introduced to transform the neck,and the multi-scale feature fusion ability is enhanced under the premise of maintaining the parameter cost.Finally,the Inner-CIOU loss function is used to generate the auxi-liary bounding box to calculate the loss more accurately and accelerate the bounding box regression process.Experiments on the VisDrone dataset show that compared with the original YOLOv8s algorithm,the proposed method parameter amount is reduced by 51.3%,the computation amount is reduced by 28.5%,and the mAP50 is increased by 1.6%.The proposed model ensures the improvement of accuracy and achieves a balance between reducing computing resources and ensuring accuracy.

关 键 词：无人机 航拍图像 注意力机制 损失函数 轻量化 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]