从“育人”视角看百年中国语文课程目标的演进历程  

A Century-long Evolution of the Chinese Language Curriculum Objectives from the Perspective of Cultivating“People”

作　　者：张心科[1] ZHANG Xinke(Dept.of Chinese Language and Literature,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国语言文学系,上海200241

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第2期91-99,共9页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“中国百年识字教育现代化研究”(BOA220191)。

摘　　要：从培养什么样的人这一视角来看,百年中国语文课程目标的演进大致经历了清末至民国初年的变革时期、民国初年和新学制实施之后、抗日战争全面爆发至中华人民共和国成立前夕、中华人民共和国成立后至改革开放前、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的早期阶段、新世纪初至全面深化改革前的时期、新时代中国基础教育课程改革与新课程标准实施时期七个阶段,相应地,对人才培养的需求也经历了培养“能生活和处世的成人”“完整的人”(儿童)、“国民”(小国民)、“接班人”(小主人)、“建设者”(工程师)、“积极主动的人”到“全面发展之人”的转变。百年中国语文课程目标的演进历程为当下以培养人为导向的语文课程目标落实提供了现实启示:需要着眼于语文素养的全面培育,而非局限于语言素养;需要明确语文核心素养几个方面的融合关系等。From the perspective of what kind of“people”to cultivate,the evolution of the Chinese language curriculum objectives in China over the past century has experienced seven major stages:the shift of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic period,the stage of the early Republic of China to the implementation of the new school system,the period of the all-out War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the period of the PRC’s founding to the initiation of China’s reform and opening up,the phase from the reform and opening to the early new era of modern socialism construction,the stage of the early new era to the dawn of the all-round deepening reform,and the period of China’s primary education reform and the new curriculum standard implementation in the new era.Correspondingly,the demand for talent cultivation has witnessed changes from cultivating adults capable of living and dealing with worldly affairs,to children,citizens(juvenile citizens),successors(young masters),builders(engineers),active people,and people with integrated literacy.This evolution offers practical implications for implementing current Chinese language curriculum objectives oriented towards cultivating“people”that requires focusing on comprehensive Chinese language literacy rather than merely language proficiency,and clarifying the intersection of various aspects of core Chinese language literacy.

关 键 词：百年 中国语文 课程目标 育人 

分 类 号：G423.2[文化科学—课程与教学论]