塑造企业家精神:美国高校工程人才培养新动向  

Cultivating Entrepreneurial Spirit:Emerging Trends in Engineering Talent Development at American Universities

作　　者：闫广芬 余静 Yan Guangfen;Yu Jing

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2025年第2期182-188,共7页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2023年重大课题(2023ZD01);2023年天津大学研究生文理拔尖创新奖励计划项目。

摘　　要：企业家精神培养是高等工程教育迎接复杂性工程挑战、面向充满不确定性未来的重要举措,是工程人才角色塑造的内在需要。工程人才企业家精神蕴含反思性实践、有组织协同、负责任创新等能力特质,有利于推动工程人才成为职业发展促进者、企业变革引领者、社会责任承担者。美国作为公认的工程教育强国,先行开展工程专业学生企业家精神培养探索与实践。麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、加州大学伯克利分校、哈佛大学、加州理工学院、佐治亚理工学院六所美国工程专业实力领先的高校,将企业家精神嵌入工程教育全过程,创造具身式学习工程情景,增强互动性参与创业体验,打造面向现实工程挑战的跨学科探究模式。我国工程教育改革,应创设多元工程情景,完善工程创业支持系统,以可持续发展教育理念为引领,推进创新性工程探索。Cultivation of entrepreneurship is an important measure for higher engineering education to meet the challenges of complex engineering and face the future world full of uncertainty,and it is an intrinsic need for the role shaping of engineering talents.The entrepreneurial spirit of engineering talents implies the ability qualities of reflective practice,organized collaboration,and responsible innovation,which is conducive to promoting engineering talents to become facilitators of career development,leaders of corporate change and bearers of social responsibility.The United States,as a recognized powerhouse in engineering education,is the first to carry out the exploration and practice of entrepreneurship training for engineering students.Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Stanford University,University of California at Berkeley,Harvard University,California Institute of Technology,Georgia Institute of Technology,the six leading colleges and universities in the United States,embedded the spirit of entrepreneurship into the whole process of engineering education,create an incarnational learning engineering scenario,enhance interactive participation in entrepreneurial experience,and create an interdisciplinary mode of inquiry for the real-life engineering challenges.In view of this,combined with the reform and development needs of engineering education in China,we should create diversified engineering scenarios,improve the engineering entrepreneurship support system,and promote innovative engineering exploration led by the concept of sustainable development education in the future.

关 键 词：美国高校 工程教育 企业家精神 工科学生 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G640[文化科学—教育学]