学前儿童祈使语言图式研究  

A Study of Preschool Children’s Imperative Expressions Based onSchema Theory

作　　者：宫君卓 GONG Junzhuo(Language and Language Education Research Center,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2025年第2期30-41,共12页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国学前儿童语料库建设及运作研究”(项目编号:19AYY010);“对标国际中文教育的二语习得理论创新研究”(项目编号:23&ZD320)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类的语言与百科智慧“孪生”共建,祈使作为一种基本语言行为,是观测儿童成长的重要窗口,关注祈使的表达形式有助于探索儿童百科智慧系统的建构,解释儿童语用能力的发展,并为涉儿人群的“儿向交际”提供指导。本文从话轮组织和图式结构两方面分析学前儿童的祈使语言图式,总结出宏观层面的15种文本图式和微观层面的28种高频表达方式,同时描述了儿童祈使语言图式在类型和语力强弱上的特点和发展路径。本文证明了儿童语言能力发展与其百科智慧系统的完善紧密相关,研究语言图式是探索儿童心智发展的可行路径。Human language and encyclopedic knowledge co-develop as“twins”.Imperatives,as a basic linguistic behavior,serve as an important window for observing children’s development.Investigating the forms of imperative expression can aid in exploring the construction of children’s encyclopedic systems,explaining the development of their pragmatic abilities,and providing guidance for“child-oriented speech”across various contexts.This paper analyzes preschool children’s imperative language expressions from the perspectives of turn-taking organization and schematic structure.The analysis summarizes 15 macroscopic textual schemas and 28 high-frequency expressions at the microscopic level,while describing the characteristics and developmental trajectories of children’s imperative language schemas in terms of type and illocutionary force.The paper demonstrates the close relationship between the development of children’s language abilities and the refinement of their encyclopedic system.Furthermore,it suggests that the study of language schemas is a viable approach to exploring the cognitive development of children.

关 键 词：学前儿童 祈使 语言图式 语言习得 语言—百科“孪生” 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]