美国科学教师专业标准的演进、特征与启示  

Evolution,Characteristics and Enlightenment of American Science Teachers’Professional Standards

作　　者：师欢欢 张又文 SHI Huanhuan;ZHANG Youwen(Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100036;Center for Education Management Information of the Ministry of Education,Beijing 100816)

机构地区：[1]北京教育科学研究院教师研究中心,北京100036 [2]教育部教育管理信息中心研究处,北京100816

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2025年第4期46-57,共12页Basic Education Review

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度青年专项课题“教育强国背景下北京市科学教师专业素养测评与提升策略研究”(编号:BCFA24115)。

摘　　要：科学教师是科学教育的核心实施者,制定并完善科学教师标准对于提升科学教育质量、培育拔尖创新人才具有重要意义。美国在科学教师标准制定方面已有较为成熟的经验和体系。运用内容分析法对美国科学教师专业标准的历史演进和内容特征进行探究发现,美国科学教师专业标准发展至今经历了四次修订,其内容呈现出三大特征:框架逐渐精简,凸显理论研究支持;表述愈加明确,顺应时代发展要求;强调以学生为中心,重视促进教育公平。该标准的制定,有效推动了科学教师专业能力的结构化升级,深化了探究式教学与科学教育课程改革,促进了学生科学素养水平的系统性。借鉴美国科学教师专业标准的历史演进与内容特征,我国在制定科学教师专业标准时可从以下三个方面开展:基于科学教育理论,构建系统化专业标准框架;关注科学发展趋势,适应教育高质量发展需求;以学生发展为核心,加强考核评价与反馈机制。Science teachers are the core implementers of science education,and the development and improvement of science teacher standards are urgent for improving the quality of science education and cultivating top-notch innovative talents.The United States has relatively mature experience and system in the development of science teacher standards.By using the content analysis method,this paper explores the historical evolution and content characteristics of the professional standards for science teachers in the United States.It is found that the development of the professional standards for science teachers in the United States has undergone four revisions,and its content shows that the framework is gradually simplified,highlighting the support of theoretical research;The expression is more clear and conforms to the requirements of the development of the times;It emphasizes the three characteristics of student-centered and promoting education equity.American science teachers’professional standards have achieved remarkable results in promoting the structural upgrading of science teachers’professional ability,deepening the reform of inquiry teaching and science education curriculum,and promoting the systematic improvement of students’scientific literacy level.Drawing on the historical evolution and content characteristics of the professional standards for science teachers in the United States,this paper suggests that China should build a systematic framework of professional standards for Science Teachers Based on the theory of science education in the future;Pay attention to the scientific development trend and meet the needs of high-quality education development;With the development of students as the core,strengthen the evaluation and feedback mechanism.

关 键 词：美国 科学教师 科学教育 教师专业标准 教师专业发展 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]