初中科学实践课堂评价的困境、方向与路径  

The Dilemmas,Orientation,and Pathways of Classroom Assessments for Scientific Practice in Junior High Schools

作　　者：黄锡汝 周文叶[1] 顾亭亭 HUANG Xiru;ZHOU Wenye;GU Tingting(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第5期44-52,共9页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2023年度教育学一般课题“素养导向的教学评一体化实证研究”(BHA230143)。

摘　　要：科学教育在提升国家科技竞争力、培养创新人才的过程中发挥着基础性作用。随着我国教育评价改革的推进与科学课程学习方式的变革,科学实践愈发受到重视,课堂评价和学业成就评价方式也需随之革新,其核心在于通过实践性评价捕捉学生做中学、用中学、创中学的实际表现。然而,当前科学实践课堂评价中存在认知理解偏差、方法工具匮乏等问题。为解决这些问题,评价目标需从传统的知识掌握向问题解决能力培养转变,评价内容需从低阶单一向高阶融合转变,评价方式需从纸笔测验向表现性评价转变。实践课堂评价改革应从制订多类型评价目标、设计表现性评价任务、开发高质量评分规则等举措入手,确保评价的科学性和有效性,提升科学实践的育人成效。Science education plays a foundational role in enhancing national technological competitiveness and cultivating innovative talents.With the advancement of educational assessment reform in China and transformations in science curriculum pedagogy,scientific practices have gained increasing prominence.Consequently,classroom assessments and academic achievement evaluations must evolve accordingly,with their core focus shifting toward capturing students'practical performance through authentic assessments that reflect"learning by doing,applying,and creating."However,current classroom assessments for scientific practices face challenges such as misconceptions in cognitive understanding and a shortage of methodological tools.To address these issues,assessment objectives should shift from traditional knowledge acquisition towards cultivating problem-solving competencies;assessment content should transition from low-level and singular focus to high-level and integrated tasks;and assessment methods should evolve from paper-based testing to performance-based approaches.Reform efforts for practical classroom assessments should prioritize establishing diversified assessment objectives,designing performance-based assessment tasks,and simultaneously developing high-quality scoring rubrics.These measures will ensure scientific rigor and validity of assessments,thereby amplifying the educational impact of science practice.

关 键 词：科学实践 课堂评价 科学素养 科学教育 教育评价改革 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]