supported by the National Office for Education Sciences Planning(grant number BFA201173).
Purpose:This study uses data from the 2019 China Institute for Educational Finance Research-Household Survey to investigate expenditure on children's education in China.Design/Approach/Methods:Using descriptive and re...
Purpose:The relationship between private tutoring(PT)and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature.This study examined the complications of practices and processes...
The authors received participants'active and passive written consent to use information that the participants provided to the authors for research purposes.Reference Number from HKU's Human Research Ethics Committeewas EA1808004.
Purpose:The growing literature on private supplementary tutoring,widely known as shadow education,addresses multiple dimensions and roles.However,many studies inadequately capture the diversity and implications of dif...
●This article provides insights into stakeholders'challenges while bringing educational accountability to private tutoring providers through a self-regulation model.There is no participant involved in this narrative ...
Purpose:This article investigates the role of private supplementary tutoring in Denmark in light of the country’s pedagogical traditions in schools and leisure spheres.Design/Approach/Methods:Although tutoring activi...
Purpose:Building on a qualitative case study of parents and tutors previously involved with a large commercial tutoring company,this article investigates experiences of private tutoring in Denmark.Design/Approach/Meth...
Purpose:This study systematically reviews Korea’s shadow education policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications for shadow education policy development in the future.Design/Approach/Methods:In terms of ...
The author(s)disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:Research of this work was supported by General Research Fund(GRF)of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(RGC)[project number 17902815].
The focus of this special issue of the journal,Private Supplementary Tutoring,has growing importance not only in China but also globally.The research community has arguably been slow to catch up with reality insofar a...
Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of wider strategies to assist their children’s education careers in China.With a theoretical lens of parentocracy,this article aime...
The author(s)disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:Research of this work was supported by General Research Fund(GRF)of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(RGC)(project number 17902815).
Purpose:This article examines responses from the tutoring sector to Chinese national and local government regulations on private supplementary tutoring.It adds to the literature on policy enactment,showing the importa...