support from the US National Science Foundation grants NSF EAR-0406658 and EAR-0909319;funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) (Public Law111-5)
Small-scale convection supplies heat flow of ~17 mW m-2 to the base of stable continents where xenolith studies resolve the geotherm.However,effects of small-scale convection are difficult to resolve in ocean basins....