supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology Awards (Grant Nos.2013CB955703 & 2016YFA0601101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41530105 & 91428308);the Tongji Interdisciplinary Program(Grant No 1350219165);the "National Thousand Talents " Program through the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology at Tongji University
An estimated amount of 3.7×10~5 petagrams(1 Pg=10^(15)g)of organic carbon is stored in marine sediments(Lipp et al.,2008),which supports an immense subsurface biosphere that contains approximately 2.9×10^(29)to 3.6...