supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of the Chongqing Education Commission(China)(No.KJQN202100431,KJZDM202100401);supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972069,82002312);CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine(Chongqing,China)(No.W0154);Innovation Project from Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(China)(No.CYB21169);Cultivating Program and Candidate of TipTop Talent of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(Chongqing,China)(No.BJRC2021-04);Cultivating Program of Postdoctoral Research of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(Chongqing,China)(No.CYYY-BSHPYXM-202202);Special Support from Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Program(Chongqing,China)(No.2021XM1029);upported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Chongqing Medical University and rewarded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720605).
Although bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), its induction of endochondral ossification limits theapplication of BMP2-based cartilage regenerat...