supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the large group research project under grant number RGP2/461/45;the Deanship of Scientific Researchat Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number NBU-FFR-2025-3030-05.
Satellite images are widely used for remote sensing and defence applications,however,they are subject to a variety of threats.To ensure the security and privacy of these images,theymust be watermarked and encrypted be...