supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130409,52004291,51874314);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022YJSAQ03,2022XJAQ02).
Hydraulic fracturing(HF)technology can safely and efficiently increase the permeability of coal seam,which is conducive to CBM exploration and prevent coal and gas outburst.However,conventional HF fractures tend to ex...