养殖大黄鱼冷藏过程中细菌菌相的变化  

Bacterial flora changes on cultured Pseudosciaena crocea during chilled storage

作　　者：郭全友[1] 杨宪时[1] 许钟[1] 吴建军 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海德记行科技发展有限公司,上海200086

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2007年第2期301-308,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术项目资助(2001-478)

摘　　要：采用感官、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、菌落总数对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)在0℃、5℃冷藏过程中的品质变化特征进行分析,并对细菌菌相进行定性和定量研究。结果表明,冷藏初期、高品质期和货架期终点菌落总数N(CFU/g)的对数值(lgN)分别为5.40±0.17、6.98±0.17、7.38±0.09,TVBN分别为(7.00±1.82)mg.100-1.g-1、(13.00±1.42)mg.100-1.g-1、(29.92±1.75)mg.100-1.g-1。冷藏初期分离获得211株菌株,84.8%是革兰氏阴性菌,出现少量革兰氏阳性菌(6.2%),优势菌群是肠杆菌科细菌(6.6%)、气单胞菌属(14.2%)、不动杆菌属(13.3%)、摩氏杆菌属(11.8%),并出现了一定比例的假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中细菌菌相逐渐变得单一,腐败希瓦氏菌上升趋势明显。高品质期时,0℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(45.8%)和缺陷短波胞单胞菌(13.6%);5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌群为腐败希瓦氏菌(37.9%)和假单胞菌属(15.6%)。货架期终点时,0℃、5℃冷藏大黄鱼优势菌为腐败希瓦氏菌,比例分别为75.5%和59.6%。Microbiological activity is responsible for spoilage of most fresh fish, which is greatly influenced by temperature. The most bacteria are unable to grow when fish are stored at low temperatures, whereas, it is important to study quality and micro-flora changes. In this paper,quality changes in Pseudosciaena crocea stored at low temperature（0℃ ,5 ℃ ） were investigated in the aspects of sensory, total volatile basic nitrogen（TVBN） and total viable count（TVC）, and its bacterial flora changes were also qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The results showed that mean logarithmic value （lgN） of TVC reached 5.40 ± 0.17, 6.98 ± 0.17,7.38 ±0.09, and the mean values of TVBN were （7.00 ± 1.82） rng. 100^-1· g^-1, （ 13.00 ± 1.42） mg·100^-1 .g^-1 and （29.92 ± 1.75） mg. 100^-1 .g^-1 at the initial storage,the time of high quality point and the shelf life end-point, respectively. Totally 211 strains of bacteria were isolated at the initial storage and 84.8% of them were gram negative bacteria, a small percentage of gram positive bacteria were found （6.2%）. The predominant bacterial flora were composed of Enterobacteriaceae（ 16.6% ）, Aerornonas spp. （14.2%）, Acinetobacter spp. （13.3%） and Moraxella spp. （11.8%）. A small percentage of Stenotrophornonas maltophilia and other bacteria were also found. The composition of bacterial flora became gradually simple, and the percentage of Shewanella putrefaciens increased significantly during storage, the dominating bacteria of Shewanella putrefaciens and Brezewdimonas dirninuta reached 45.8 % and 13.6% at the time of high quality point at 0 ℃ ,and the predominant bacteria of Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. were 37.9% and 15.6% at the time of high quality point at 5 ℃ .The dominating bacteria of Shewanella putrefaciens were 75.5 % and 59.6 % at the end of shelf life at 0 ℃ and 5 ℃, respectively.

关 键 词：大黄鱼 冷藏 细菌菌相 优势菌 

分 类 号：S994.3[农业科学—水产科学]