鄱阳湖10种淡水鱼脂肪酸的特性研究  

Characteristics of fatty acids in ten freshwater fish of the Poyang Lake

作　　者：李广焱[1] 邓泽元[1] 范亚苇[1] 李静[1] 雷琳[1] 吴小平[2] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西南昌330047 [2]南昌大学生命科学与食品工程学院,江西南昌330047

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2010年第8期324-328,共5页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：江西省教育厅2006年科技项目

摘　　要：为了探讨中国最大淡水湖鱼类脂肪酸的特点,采用气相色谱法对鄱阳湖10种野生淡水鱼类脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析。结果发现,鄱阳湖10种淡水鱼中最丰富的脂肪酸是油酸(C18∶1n9);鱼中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量随鱼类品种的不同有较大的差别,大眼鳜肌肉的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高达14.19%;赤眼鳟的花生四烯酸(AA)含量最高,肌肉和鱼头分别达13.53%和12.07%;麦穗鱼的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量最高,肌肉和鱼头分别为7.60%和7.92%。所分析的鱼PUFA/饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的值都在0.5以上,n6PUFA/n3PUFA为0.45～1.19;此外,鱼中还含有一定量的奇数碳脂肪酸,银鲴鱼头中含量最高达6.84%。结果表明鄱阳湖水域中,鱼PUFA有明显的特征,部分鱼中DHA和EPA的含量显著高于一般的淡水鱼,甚至与海鱼相近。PUFA和n3PUFA含量与鱼的生活习性有较大关系,以藻类为主食的鱼>以鱼虾为主食的鱼>以软体动物和水生昆虫为主食的鱼。The aim of this study was to explore the composition and content of fatty acids in ten wild freshwater fish in the Poyang Lake.The lipids were extracted using methanol and chloroform.Lipids were methylated with the base-catalyzed transesterification method and analyzed by GC.The results demonstrated that the most abundant fatty acid was the oleic acid （ C18 ∶ 1n9） in all the fish species. Bigeye mandarinfish muscle had the highest content of Docosahexaenoic acid（ DHA） which is 14.19%.Barbel chub of Arachidonic acid（ AA） ,13.53%（ muscle） and 12.07% （ head） respectively. Slender gudgeon of Eicosapentaenoic acid （ EPA） ,7.60% （ muscle） and 7.92% （ head ） respectively.The ratio of PUFA/SFA resulted more than 0.5 and the n6 PUFA/n3 PUFA ratio ranged between 0.45 and 1.19 in all the considered fish species.The results showed that the content of PUFA had relations with the life habit of fish. Furthermore,the odd-carbon fatty acid（ 6.84% in Freshwater yellowtail head） was also in all of the fish species.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 淡水鱼 肌肉 鱼头 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：TS254.1[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]