重载机车钩缓装置建模及承压行为  

Modeling of Coupler and Draft Gear Systems and Their Compressive Behaviors for Heavy-Haul Locomotives

作　　者：许自强[1] 吴庆[1] 马卫华[1] 罗世辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2014年第1期21-26,共6页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51005190);霍英东教育基金会资助项目(122014)

摘　　要：为研究重载机车钩缓装置承压行为,建立了重载机车圆柱销、长扁销车钩模型,并在两种车钩模型中分别考虑了钩肩控制模块与钩尾摩擦弧面模型;结合具有非线性迟滞特性的弹性胶泥缓冲器模型,完成了重载机车钩缓装置模型.以4节机车及1节简化货车组成的列车模型为例,研究了重载机车直线运行时钩缓装置的承压行为对轮轴横向力、轮轨磨耗的影响.研究结果表明:建立的交互性钩肩控制模块及钩尾摩擦面分别可以较好地模拟圆柱销、长扁销车钩的实际承压行为;具有两种稳钩功能的车钩均能将车钩偏转角限制在4.0°以内,可以减小车钩力的横向分力,提高机车运行安全性.To study the compressive behavior of the coupler and draft gear system for heavy-haul locomotives, a typical cylindrical-pin coupler with coupler shoulder alignment control module and a long-flat pin coupler with tail friction surface were built, and a mathematical model for the coupler and draft gear system of heavy-haul locomotives were presented based on the resilient rubber draft gear model with nonlinear hysteresis characteristic. Using a train model composed of 4 locomotives and 1 simplified freight wagon, the compressive behaviors of the coupler and draft gear system and its effect on the wheelset lateral force and whee//rail wear were investigated when the heavy-haul train was running on the straight track. The results show that, the compressive behaviors of the cylindrical-pin coupler and the long-flat pin coupler can be simulated accurately using the interactive coupler shoulder alignment control module and tail friction surface module. With the two stabilized functions, the coupler can constrain its rotation angle within 4.0°, thus decreasing the lateral component of coupler force and improving the running safety of the locomotive.

关 键 词：钩缓装置 建模 运行行为 重载机车 动力学 

分 类 号：U260.34[机械工程—车辆工程]