轮对径向质心偏离对纵向振动的影响  

Effect of Radial Offset of the Mass Centers of Wheelset on Its Longitudinal Vibration

作　　者：王晨[1] 刘韦[1] 马卫华[1] 罗世辉[1] 方翁武[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2014年第1期41-43,48,共4页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金编号:51005190);四川省科技计划项目(基金编号:2012GZ0103)

摘　　要：当轮对质心存在径向偏离时,会引发周期性粘着系数的变化,与剧烈的自激扭转振动,从而直接导致轮对产生纵向振动。轮对纵向振动与轮轨黏—滑振动相互耦合,破坏了机车稳定动力学性能。通过某新型机车的建模和数值仿真,计算和分析在不同的质心偏离和速度下,构架、轮对的纵向振动频率与车体垂向共振频率。并计算轮对粘着系数变化规律,分析机车垂向平稳性恶化的机理。结果表明当轮对存在径向偏心时,轮轨蠕滑力饱和产生动力学耦合,引起轮对的扭转振动和纵向振动,由此将通过构架与牵引装置的传递而恶化机车垂向平稳性。Radial offset of the wheelset mass centers can lead to periodical changes of adhesive coefficient, which cancause severe self-excited torsional vibration and directly induce the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset. The wheelset’slongitudinal vibration, coupled with the wheel-rail sticky-slippery vibration can deteriorate the stable dynamic performanceof the locomotive. In this paper, a new type of locomotive model is established. Through numerical simulation, thelongitudinal vibration frequency of the frame and the wheelset of the locomotive, the vertical resonance frequency of thevehicle’s body, and the variation of the sticking coefficient are calculated and analyzed under different offsets of thewheelset and different speeds of the locomotive. The mechanism of the vertical stability deterioration of the locomotive isanalyzed. It is concluded that when the radial eccentricity exists, saturation of the wheel/rail creep force will lead to thedynamic coupling, which causes wheelset’s torsional and longitudinal vibration. These vibrations will be transferred throughthe framework and traction device and deteriorate the locomotive’s vertical dynamic stability.

关 键 词：振动与波 轮对 纵向振动 垂向平稳性 粘着系数 蠕滑力 

分 类 号：TB52[理学—物理]