玉米醇溶蛋白酶解物分子量分布特征分析  

Characteristics of molecular weight distribution of zein hydrolysate

作　　者：周利敏[1] 郑喜群[1] 刘晓兰 刘玥 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学食品与生物工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]农产品加工黑龙江省普通高校重点实验室,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《食品与机械》2014年第5期45-49,共5页Food and Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:31371726);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发重大项目(编号:GA13B201)

摘　　要：玉米蛋白粉(CGM)是玉米淀粉湿法加工中产量最大、蛋白质含量最高的副产物,其主要组分是玉米醇溶蛋白。因CGM的疏水性氨基酸含量高,其水溶性差,这一特点严重制约了其在食品等行业中的广泛应用。利用Alcalase和Protamex两种内切蛋白酶,分别将玉米醇溶蛋白适度酶解,以改善其水溶性。利用凝胶过滤色谱测定了不同水解度的酶解物中肽分子量分布,细致分析了玉米醇溶蛋白的主要酶解特点。结果表明,Alcalase与Protamex都能有效地改善玉米醇溶蛋白的溶解性;相同的水解度下,Alcalase对玉米醇溶蛋白水解作用更强烈。水解过程中,聚集体形式的玉米醇溶蛋白首先被Alcalase和Protamex酶切作用逐渐展开,随着酶解的进行,酶解物中的肽段分子量分布逐渐减小。依据使用需求,Alcalase与Protamex生物催化玉米醇溶蛋白获得的不同分子量分布的蛋白水解物均可作为基料在食品行业广泛应用。Zein is the major component of corn gluten meal （CGM）, which is a co-product of corn wet milling. CGMs poor water-solu- bility, caused by its high content of hydrophobic amino acid, limits its broad applications in food industry. In the present work, zein was hydrolyzed moderately by two endo proteases alcalase and protamex respectively to improve water-solubility of the protein. The molecu- lar weight distributions of the zein hydrolysates with different de- grees of hydrolysis （DH） were determined by gel filtration chromatography （GFC） and their characteristics were analyzed carefully. The results showed that both of alcalase and protamex could improve the water-solubility of zein obviously, and the hydrolysis of zein by alcalase was more violent than that of protamex at the same DH. During the hydrolysis process, aggregated zein, first of all, was un- folded by the proteases, and along with the hydrolysis going, the molecular weight distributions of the zein hydrolysates decreased gradually. Based on the manufacture＇s requirements for protein s mo- lecular weight, all of the zein hydrolysate with different molecular weight distribution could be applied in the food industry.

关 键 词：玉米 蛋白粉 醇溶蛋白 ALCALASE PROTAMEX 酶解特性 分子量分布 

分 类 号：TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]