高静压物理变性处理糯玉米淀粉的糊化及重结晶机理研究  

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure as a Physical Modification Method on Waxy Maize Starch Gelatinization and Retrogradation

作　　者：刘培玲[1] 任瑞林[1] 包亚莉[1] 宁红梅[1] 王晓兰[1] 李彦杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学化工学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2014年第2期247-256,共10页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21006043)

摘　　要：采用高静压技术(HHP)作为物理变性方法处理糯玉米淀粉,考察高静压力对糯玉米淀粉糊化及重结晶的影响。采用偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观测处理后的淀粉颗粒的形态变化,激光粒度分析仪用于记录淀粉颗粒的粒度分布及变化规律;利用红外光谱技术分析可能发生的微观二级结构变化,结合X射线衍射曲线及DSC差热分析曲线,验证淀粉颗粒内部结构的变化。结果表明:300MPa的高静压对淀粉具有压缩作用,使其粒度减小,结晶度提高,起始糊化温度、糊化焓值增加;450MPa高静压处理后,淀粉的结晶结构几乎完全被破坏,糊化度达到95%,膨胀度为57.07%,并以此验证了HHP处理会导致淀粉颗粒发生有限膨胀;600MPa高静压处理后,淀粉颗粒发生重结晶现象,表现为典型的多峰、宽峰DSC曲线,结晶度增加。综合本研究及其他研究成果,提出"3个发展阶段"的HHP对糯玉米淀粉颗粒微观结构变化的新机制,包括:颗粒被压缩、内部结晶结构解体及颗粒解体并重新排序阶段。High hydrostatic pressure（HHP） of 300,450,600 MPa was applied on waxy corn starch as a physical modification. The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on gelatinization and retrogradation properties of waxy corn starch were investigated. The appearance and particle size of the granules were studied by micro-polariscopy, scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction instrument. Combining X-diffraction and DSC spectrum, the change from crystal to non-crystal was confirmed. A compressing effect on HHP treated starch at 300 MPa was proved by the decreased granule diameter, the strengthened H--OH stretching in the infrared spectra and a slightly increased in onset tempera- ture,peak temperature,and enthalpy of gelatinization;For HHP treated starch at 450 MPa,the starch gelatinization was observed by light microscopy, FTIR spectra and confirmed by DSC analysis. The birefringence of granules disappeared,the bands weakened in the infrared spectra, and onset tempera- ture, peak temperature, and enthalpy of gelatinization decreased sharply. In contrast, the retrogradation of HHP treated starch at 600 MPa was observed, which was illustrated by the reappearance of birefrin- gence in granules and the biphasic gelatinization endotherms. The results prove that the granules under high hydrostatic pressure processing experience ＂3 development stages＂ including compressing, disap- pearance of crystalline structure and recrystallization after granule disintegration.

关 键 词：高静压 物理变性 淀粉 糊化 重结晶 

分 类 号：O521.9[理学—高压高温物理]