疏穗处理对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果粒大小及花色苷积累的影响  

Effects of Cluster Thinning on Berry Size and Anthocyanins of Cabernet Sauvignon

作　　者：杨哲[1] 成果[2] 高媛[1] 王云鹤[1] 董新平 陈武 段长青[1] 王军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,葡萄与葡萄酒研究中心,北京100083 [2]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]新疆中信国安葡萄酒业有限公司,新疆玛纳斯832200

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第2期111-121,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-30)

摘　　要：疏穗（花序或果穗）是调节产量和负载量的一项葡萄园田间管理措施,广泛应用于优质葡萄生产中,不同时期和程度的疏穗对果实产量和品质影响不同。本研究于2011年以新疆玛纳斯县广东地和园艺场2个地块2000年定植的‘赤霞珠’葡萄为材料,在果实第1个膨大期（花后约3周）分别进行1穗/新梢（CT1）、1.5穗/新梢（CT2）和2穗/新梢（CT3）3个程度的疏穗处理。在采收期对产量相关指标和花色苷进行测定。结果表明,在广东地,3种疏穗处理间平均果穗质量无显著差异,CT1与CT2、CT3相比,产量分别下降48%和65%;在园艺场,3种疏穗处理间平均果穗质量亦无显著差异,但CT3处理的平均果粒质量低于CT1和CT2。将采收期的果粒按质量分为5级,在广东地,果粒大小主要分布于≤0.84g、0.85~1.14g和1.15~1.44g3个质量级次中,在≤0.84g质量级次中,CT1处理果粒所占百分数分别比CT2和CT3低12.4%和18%;在园艺场,果粒大小主要分布于0.85~1.14g、1.15~1.44g和1.45~1.74g 3个质量级次中,在≤0.84g质量级次中,CT3处理的果粒所占的百分数分别比CT2和CT1高18.3%和15.6%。说明疏穗处理后,果粒有增大的趋势。利用HPLC-MS检测各质量级次花色苷的质量分数和组成,发现不同大小的果粒以及经过不同程度疏穗处理的果粒中花色苷的质量分数间存在差异。随着果粒的增大,甲基化花色苷和酰化花色苷的质量分数及总花色苷的每果粒质量（以mg/kg果实鲜质量表示）逐渐降低。在广东地,随着疏穗程度的提高,总花色苷、甲基化花色苷和酰化花色苷的每果粒质量（以μg/果粒表示）和质量分数（以mg/kg果实鲜质量表示）逐渐增加。对不同疏穗处理下果粒各种花色苷的质量分数进行主成分分析显示,地块对果实中花色苷的积累影响较大。Cluster thinning is regarded as a field management practice on vineyard to regulate crop lev- el and crop load, which is widely used in premier grape production. Whereas, different levels and peri- ods of cluster thinning influence yield and berry quality. In the present study, three different cluster thinning treatments were taken at the first period of growth （3 weeks after bloom） in two Vitis vinif- era cv. Caberrtet Sauvoignon voine29ards in Manasi,incLuding 1 cluster/shoot （CT1）,1.5 clusters/shoot （CT2） and 2 clusters/shoot （CT3）. Yield components and anthocyanins were detected at harvest. There was no significant difference of cluster mass between two sites,while the CT3 decreased berry mass in Yuanyi farm. When compared with CT2 and CT3 in Guangdong farm,yield was decreased by 48% and 65%,respectively,due to cluster thinning,and the same trend was found in Yuanyi farm. The berries at harvest were classified into five berry mass categories. The berries were mostly be- longed to ≤0.84 g,0.85--1.14 g and 1.15--1.44 g in Guangdong farm,but that was most belonged to 0.85--1.14 g,1.15--1. 44 g and 1.45--1.74 g in Yuanyi farm. The frequency distribution in the minimum category was higher in CT3 （39.5% in Guangdong farm,23.8% in Yuanyi farm） ,which in- dicated an increasing trend of berry mass through decreasing cluster per shoot. Anthocyanins were de- tected by HPLC-MS. The result showed that the content of methoxylated,acylated and total anthocy- anins presented in ＇μg/berry＇ were positively related to the berry size, whereas the concentrations of methoxylated,acylated and total anthocyanins presented in ＇mg/kg fresh berry mass ＇ were declined with berry size in contrast. When it comes to the impact of treatments,we found an increasing trend in the content of methoxylated, acylated and total anthocyanins presented in both units towards the deep- ening of cluster thinning in Guangdong farm. The concentrations of anthocyanins were significantly ef{ected by sites,which was shown by th

关 键 词：赤霞珠 疏穗 果粒大小 花色苷 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]