中国环境污染与食品安全问题的时空聚集性研究——突发环境事件与食源性疾病的交互  

Research on Spatial-Temporal Aggregation of China's Environment Pollution and Food Safety:The Interaction Between Emergency Environmental Accidents and Foodborne Disease Outbreaks

作　　者：王晓莉[1,2,3] 李勇强 李清光[1,2,3] 吴林海[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学江苏省食品安全研究基地,江苏无锡214122 [2]江南大学商学院,江苏无锡214122 [3]江南大学食品安全与营养协同创新中心,江苏无锡214122 [4]广西壮族自治区食品药品监管局,广西南宁530029

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第12期53-61,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"食品安全风险社会共治"(编号:14ZDA069);江苏省高校人文社科优秀创新团队建设项目"中国食品安全风险防控研究"(编号:2013CXTD011);中国博士后科学基金项目"可追溯食品市场效率研究:猪肉的案例"(编号:2015M571671);江南大学新农村发展研究院战略研究课题"新农村建设中的生态环境问题及其对食用农产品安全的影响"(编号:JUSRP1502XNC)

摘　　要：深入研究食品安全问题,必须充分挖掘环境污染、食品安全与人体健康之间内在联系,从时空尺度共同对生态环境保护、食品安全治理和人体健康防范的社会资源进行合理调配。本文分别以食源性疾病暴发事件、突发环境事件作为分析我国食品安全和环境污染情况的替代指标,利用空间统计方法,针对2007-2013年间,各省、自治区、直辖市的食源性疾病暴发和突发环境两类事件展开空间格局和时空聚集性分析。研究发现,六年间我国食源性疾病暴发事件的空间分布中心主要位于湖南省与湖北省交界区域,并呈现缓慢向东部移动态势。其空间格局主要位于我国"胡焕庸线"东南部,呈东北—西南方向分布,且主趋势方向不断向北靠拢同时,空间分布也向西北—东南范围扩张,东—西方向空间格局差异更为明显。另外,突发环境事件的发生表明我国环境污染空间格局主要位于"胡焕庸线"的东部,其分布范围应更偏向于东部沿海地区。利用Crimestat3.0的Knox指数和Mantel指数进一步分析两类事件的时空聚集性,Knox指数显示,两类事件具有时空交互性,而Mantel指数表明,食源性疾病暴发和环境突发事件的空间聚集差值的均值分别为300km和450km,两类事件在较大空间尺度并不具有时空交互。突发环境事件和食源性疾病暴发事件在大、小不同空间尺度呈现差异化的时空聚集性。为实现地方政府与企业、社会组织和公众的共治模式,通过信息共享平台,合理配置生态环境保护、食品安全治理和人体健康防范的社会资源提供了方向。To further study the food safety problem, it is necessary to fully tap inner link between the environment pollution, food safety and public health, from the space and time scale to reasonably allocate the social resources of ecological environment protection, food safety and public health protection. We took on foodborne disease outbreak, abrupt environment affairs as substitute index for analysis of our country ＇ s food safety and environmental pollution respectively. The method of spatial statistics was used to analyze the spatial pattern and spatial-temporal aggregation of China＇ s foodborne disease abruption and emergency environmental accidents from the province level in 2007 -2013. Results were found that six years of foodbome disease outbreak in China, the spatial distribution center of standard deviation ellipse were mainly located in the border area of Hunan Province and Hubei Province, the southeastern of ＇ Hu Hnanyong line＇ , which presents the slowly eastward movement. At the same time, the spatial pattern of foodbome disease outbreak was in the direction of northeast-southwest China. As the distribution range gathered to the north direction, the spatial distribution expanded to northwest-southeast China, the spatial difference were mainly located in the east-west. At the time, the occurrence of environmental affairs showed that, spatial pattern of the environmental pollution in China were located in the eastern ＇ Hu Huanyong line＇ , and its distribution range was mainly in eastern coastal areas. We used Crimestat3.0 Knox and Mantel index for further analyzing the space- time aggregation of these two events. Knox index showed that the interaction of time and space was in the two types of events. Mantel index showed that mean value of space gathered difference of foodborne disease outbreaks and environmental emergency were 300 km and 450 km respectively, there was no interaction between time and space in a bigger space scale. In large and small space scales, abrupt environment affairs and f

关 键 词：环境污染 食品安全 时空聚集性 空间格局 食源性疾病 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]