黑毛茶不同产区发花对茯砖茶品质的影响  

Quality Evaluation of Fu Brick Tea Fermented in Different Regions from the Same Raw Tea Materials

作　　者：赵仁亮[1,2] 胥伟 吴丹[1] 姜依何 朱旗[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《食品科学》2017年第21期8-14,共7页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571802);湖南省教育厅重点项目(14A066)

摘　　要：不同产区特定的气候环境影响茯砖茶发花微生物群落结构、代谢及风味物质的形成。以同批湖南黑毛茶为原料,分别在我国具有代表性的茯砖茶主产区(陕西、湖南和浙江)同时期制作茶样,研究黑毛茶在不同产区发花对茯砖茶品质的影响。感官审评表明:陕西和湖南产区加工的茯砖茶"金花"数量明显高于浙江产区,"菌花香"明显;但湖南和浙江产区加工的茯砖茶均略带青涩味。化学成分结果表明:茶多酚、酯型儿茶素、儿茶素总量及咖啡碱在湖南产区加工的茯砖茶中含量较高;氨基酸总量和茶氨酸在浙江产区加工的茯砖茶中保留量较多;有机酸在陕西产区的茯砖茶中含量较高。从3个产区加工的茯砖茶中共分离鉴定出57种香气成分,对茯砖茶"菌花香"具有重要贡献的萜烯醇、烯醛类和酮类等化合物含量在不同产区加工的茯砖茶中差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:不同产区花过程中微生物种群结构、代谢方向及作用方式可能不同,对茯砖茶品质的形成具有重要影响。Specific climate and environmental conditions in different regions are the key factor that affects microbial community structure and metabolism as well as the formation of flavor components in Fu brick tea(FBT).Therefore,this study evaluated the effect of fermentation in three representative producing regions(Shaanxi,Hunan and Zhejiang province) on the quality of FBT produced from the same raw tea materials in the same time.The results indicated that there were significant differences in sensory evaluation.The number of 'golden flora' in FBT from Shaanxi and Hunan were higher than that in FBT from Zhejiang,but Hunan and Zhejiang FBT had a slight grassy and astringent taste.The major chemical components revealed that Hunan FBT had the highest contents of polyphenol,ester catechins,total catechins and caffeine,Zhejiang FBT had the highest amounts of free amino acids and theanine,while Shaanxi FBT had the highest content of organic acids.A total of 57 volatile aroma compounds were identified from FBT produced in three regions.Furthermore,terpene alcohol,olefinic aldehydes and ketone could improve the arohid aroma of FBT significantly(P < 0.05).All results indicated that the diversity of microbial communities associated with fermentation and the direction and function of microbial metabolism will be beneficial for the quality of FBT.

关 键 词：茯砖茶 发花 微生物种群 化学成分 香气成分 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]