安徽省居民家庭内即食状态谷类食物脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染调查和暴露评估  

Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Ready-to-eat Cereal-based Foods and Exposure Assessment in Inhabitants of Anhui Province

作　　者：王小丹 陈志飞[2] 周爽 高芃 曹佩 徐海滨 梁江 WANG Xiao-dan;CHEN Zhi-fei;ZHOU Shuang;GAO Peng;CAO Pei;XU Hai-bin;LIANG Jiang(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;Anhui Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [2]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2019年第5期15-19,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

基　　金：国家食品安全风险评估中心“高层次人才队伍建设523项目”

摘　　要：目的:调查安徽省居民家庭内即食状态谷类食物脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)污染情况并评估调查人群膳食DON暴露水平。方法:在安徽省阜阳市选择2个村庄作为调查点,通过称重法获得305名调查对象在整个调查日内食用的所有即食状态谷类食物克数,并分别采样检测其中DON、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-Ac-DON)、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-Ac-DON)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷(DON-3-G)含量。基于调查对象主要谷类食物个体消费量和各类食物DON平均含量,采用简单分布模型,计算每个个体膳食DON暴露量。结果:调查人群主要食用的谷类食物包括大米粥、馒头/花卷、面条、米饭、粑粑子。馒头/花卷和粑粑子中DON和DON-3-G均100%检出,总DON平均含量分别为454.9、457.7μg/kg,最高污染水平来自馒头/花卷样品,总DON含量为2067.8μg/kg。面条中DON和DON-3-G检出率分别为100%、71.6%,总DON平均含量为75.5μg/kg。米饭和大米粥中两种物质检出率和含量均相对较低。调查人群膳食DON平均暴露量为2.6μg/(kg·d),高于每日耐受摄入量(TDI)(1μg/kg体重),高端暴露水平(P90~P99)为4.0~6.2μg/(kg·d),是TDI的4倍以上,调查人群中93.8%的个体DON暴露量超过TDI。各年龄组DON暴露量无显著差异(P=0.381)。以小麦为主要原料的食物对DON平均暴露量的总贡献率达94.1%,其中馒头/花卷贡献率最高,为65.4%。结论:安徽省调查人群膳食DON暴露量较高,存在一定的健康风险,馒头/花卷和面条等小麦制品是主要暴露来源。Objective To investigate deoxynivalenol(DON)contamination level in ready-to-eat cereal-based foods collected on the dinner table and to assess the dietary exposure to DON of some inhabitants in Anhui province.Method Two villages in Fuyang city of Anhui province,were chosen as the survey spots.The amount of all kinds of ready-to-eat cereal-based foods consumed by the 305 respondents on the whole survey day was weighed,and food samples were collected to analyse the concentration of DON,3-Ac-DON,15-Ac-DON and DON-3-G.Simple distribution model was applied for calculation of the dietary exposure to DON on the basis of individual consumption of cereal-based foods and average DON concentration in each type of foods.Result The main cereal-based foods consumed by the surveyed population were rice porridge,steamed buns/rolls,noodles,steamed rice and a kind of local pancake.Both DON and DON-3-G were detected in all steamed bun/roll or local pancake samples,and the average concentrations of total DON were 454.9 and 457.7μg/kg,respectively.The highest level(2 067.8μg/kg)occurred in steamed bun/roll samples.Positive rates of DON and DON-3-G in noodles were 100%and 71.6%,respectively.The average concentration of total DON in noodles was 75.5μg/kg.Positive rates or concentrations of DON and DON-3-G were relatively low in rice porridge or steamed rice samples.The average DON exposure of surveyed population was 2.6μg/(kg·d),exceeding the TDI(1μg/kg·BW),and the exposure at P 90~P 99 level[4.0~6.2μg/(kg·d)]was over four times of TDI.There were 93.8%of individuals exposing more DON than the TDI.No significant difference was found among different age groups(P=0.381).Foods made of wheat contributed 94.1%to the average DON exposure,with the highest contribution(65.4%)from steamed buns/rolls.Conclusion DON exposure of surveyed population in Anhui province was considerably high,carrying a certain degree of health risk.The major contribution was from wheat-derived foods including steamed buns/rolls and noodles.

关 键 词：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 谷类食物 暴露评估 食品安全 

分 类 号：TS207.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]