Axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment-epigenetic mechanisms  

作　　者：Bor Luen Tang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2020年第1期10-15,共6页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering(to BLT)

摘　　要：Environmental enrichment is known to be beneficial for cognitive improvement.In many animal models of neurological disorders and brain injury,EE has also demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in neurodegenerative diseases and in improving recovery after stroke or traumatic brain injury.The exact underlying mechanism for these phenomena has been unclear.Recent findings have now indicated that neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment induces Ca2+influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons results in lasting enhancement of CREB-binding protein-mediated histone acetylation.This,in turn,increases the expression of pro-regeneration genes and promotes axonal regeneration.This mechanism associated with neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment-mediated pathway is one of several epigenetic mechanisms which modulate axon regeneration upon injury that has recently come to light.The other prominent mechanisms,albeit not yet directly associated with environmental enrichment,include DNA methylation/demethylation and N6-methyladenosine modification of transcripts.In this brief review,I highlight recent work that has shed light on the epigenetic basis of environmental enrichment-based axon regeneration,and discuss the mechanism and pathways involved.I further speculate on the implications of the findings,in conjunction with the other epigenetic mechanisms,that could be harness to promote axon regeneration upon injury.Environmental enrichment is known to be beneficial for cognitive improvement. In many animal models of neurological disorders and brain injury, EE has also demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in neurodegenerative diseases and in improving recovery after stroke or traumatic brain injury. The exact underlying mechanism for these phenomena has been unclear. Recent findings have now indicated that neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment induces Ca2+ influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons results in lasting enhancement of CREB-binding protein-mediated histone acetylation. This, in turn, increases the expression of pro-regeneration genes and promotes axonal regeneration. This mechanism associated with neuronal activity elicited by environmental enrichment-mediated pathway is one of several epigenetic mechanisms which modulate axon regeneration upon injury that has recently come to light. The other prominent mechanisms, albeit not yet directly associated with environmental enrichment, include DNA methylation/demethylation and N6-methyladenosine modification of transcripts. In this brief review, I highlight recent work that has shed light on the epigenetic basis of environmental enrichment-based axon regeneration, and discuss the mechanism and pathways involved. I further speculate on the implications of the findings, in conjunction with the other epigenetic mechanisms, that could be harness to promote axon regeneration upon injury.

关 键 词：AXON regeneration CREB-binding protein DNA methylation/demethylation dorsal root GANGLION DRG neurons environmental enrichment epigenetics histone acetylation mechanistic target of rapamycin mTOR PHOSPHATASE and TENSIN HOMOLOGUE PTEN 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]