“爱智”抑或“爱人”——论中国儿童哲学课程的价值与未来  

“Love Wisdom” or “Love Men”:On the Value and Future of Philosophy for Children Curriculum in China

作　　者：王占魁[1,2] Wang Zhankui(Department of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学基础教育改革与发展研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2020年第22期11-20,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目“道德教育中的论辩逻辑研究”(A1907)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在哲学"爱智"传统的背后包藏着"爱人"的价值意蕴,这是哲学从源头上切近教育的思想基因。承继这一价值意蕴,儿童哲学课程的开创者李普曼也为儿童哲学指出了"思考自我"和"学会推理"两项使命。面对当下中国学校教育的现实,在中小学开展儿童哲学课程实验实为中国基础教育的一大进步。然而,业已尝试开展儿童哲学课程探索的学校里,实验者更多地是在追求儿童哲学的"哲学性"(爱智传统),而对如何让儿童哲学成为"儿童的"(爱人传统)思考不足。质言之,如何在追求"爱智"(哲学性)的过程中体现"爱人"(儿童性),或者说如何以"爱人"(儿童性)的方式追求"爱智"(哲学性),进而实现中国传统课堂整体上从"灌输式教学"向具有儿童哲学品质的"论证式教学"转变,乃是今后中国儿童哲学课程的历史使命。长远来看,"儿童哲学"客观上要求它不仅仅是"一门课程",而是应当融入学校的整个课程体系成为"全科的"进而成为"全体教师"的"教育哲学"。届时,作为一种教育哲学和教师哲学的"儿童哲学",必将是对既往课堂教学在板书和课堂形态上的一系列改观,从而极大地提升学生在课堂学习过程中的生命质量和思维品质。The value implication of"love men"is hidden behind the tradition of philosophy"love wisdom",which is the thought gene that philosophy cuts close to education from the source. To carry on this value implication,Matthew Lipman,the founder of the curriculum of Philosophy for Children,also pointed out the two missions of"thinking oneself"and"learning to reason"of Philosophy for Children. In the face of the current reality that Chinese school children are generally tired of school and even commit suicide frequently,it is a great progress to carry out the experiment of Philosophy for Children curriculum in primary and secondary schools. However,in schools that have tried to explore the curriculum of Philosophy for Children,the experimenters are more in pursuit of the"philosophical nature"of Philosophy for Children(love-wisdom tradition),and lack of thinking about how to make Philosophy for Children children’s "(love-men tradition). In essence,it is the historical mission of Chinese Philosophy for Children curriculum to change from"indoctrination teaching"to"argumentation teaching"in Chinese traditional classroom. In the long run,Philosophy for Children objectively requires that it is not only"one course",but should be integrated into the whole curriculum system of the school to become a"general practice",and then become a"educational philosophy"for"all teachers". At that time,as a kind of educational philosophy and teacher’s philosophy of Philosophy for Children,it will make a series of changes to the past classroom teaching in blackboard writing and classroom form,thus greatly improving the students’ thinking quality in the course of classroom learning.

关 键 词：爱智 爱人 儿童哲学 教师哲学 论证式教学 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]