基于高考英语难题的试题命制技术探讨  

Probing Test Design Techniques Based on the Analysis of Difficult English Items of Gaokao

作　　者：程晓堂[1] 王瑶[1] CHENG Xiaotang;WANG Yao(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《中国考试》2021年第5期63-71,共9页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2016年度一般项目“中小学生英语阅读能力标准及测评体系研究”(16YJA740004)。

摘　　要：难度不是试题的固有属性,而是考生因素与试题特征之间互动的结果。很多试题分析者倾向于将试题难度偏高的原因仅仅归结于学生未掌握相关知识或技能,而忽视试题本身的特征。通过分析60道难度在0.6以下的高考英语试题,探究其难度来源。结果显示,除考生因素外,难题或偏难题的难度来源也与命题技术有关,比如答案的唯一性与可接受性、考查内容超纲、考点设置与评分标准欠妥等方面的问题。为此,提出考试机构应提高命题水平,加强试题质量监控,确保大规模考试科学选拔人才。Item difficulty is not an inherent feature of test items.It is the result of the interaction between test taker factors and the item features.Test evaluators are often inclined to attribute high level item difficulty to test takers’lack of knowledge or skills and ignore the features of test items.This paper analyzes difficult items on English test of Gaokao,with a view to explore the source of item difficulty.The results show that besides test taker-related sources,many difficult test items have unreasonable sources of difficulty due to improper use of test design techniques regarding correct answers,test content scope,test construct and scoring criteria.Test development institutions should take vigorous measures to monitor and improve test design quality so as to guarantee large-scale tests’efficacy in recruiting talents.

关 键 词：试题难度 高考英语 命题技术 命题质量 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]