俄罗斯关于"异质体"学生特殊教育需求问题的研究及启示  

Research and Enlightenment on the Special Educational Needs of“Heterogeneous”Students in Russia

作　　者：李楠楠 Л.В.赞妮娜 LI Nannan;ZANINA L.V.(Southern Federal University,Rostov-on-don,344006,Russia)

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯南联邦大学,俄罗斯顿河畔-罗斯托夫344006

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2021年第7期116-128,共13页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：国家留学基金委-中俄政府奖学金项目资助(编号:留金亚[2018]9069号)。

摘　　要：“异质体”学生是存在于教育教学中的一类弱势群体,对他们不恰当的教育,不仅会影响其健全人格的形成,还会阻碍教学质量的提升。俄罗斯学者基于实施全纳教育的客观要求、对教育公平理念的认同以及发展学生个性的时代诉求,特别关注对“异质体”学生的教育问题,并对此进行了较为系统的研究。他们期望通过提升教师的专业能力和素养、为学生创建自由发展的教育空间以及进一步完善补充教育,为“异质体”学生创设一个适合他们发展的个性化教育空间和生存环境,以便实现其社会性,使他们可以更好地适应未来社会的发展。这为解决我国“异质体”学生的教育问题提供了新思路:实施差异性教学,促进“异质体”学生的个性发展;满足“异质体”学生广泛的教育需求,增强其心理安全感;创设数字化的教育空间,关注“异质体”学生的长远发展;积累对“异质体”学生的教育智慧,不断提升教师教育能力;优化对“异质体”学生的教育结构,实现公平而有质量的教育目标。The“heterogeneous”students are a kind of vulnerable group that exists in education and teaching.Improper education for them will not only affect the formation of their sound personality,but also hinder the improvement of teaching quality.Based on the objective requirement of implementing inclusive education,the recognition of the concept of educational equity and the demand of the times to developing students,individuality,Russian scholars pay special attention to the education of“heterogeneous”students and have conducted more systematic researches on it.By improving teachers'professionalism and quality,creating a space for students'free development and further enhancing complementary education,they hope to create a personalized educational space and environment for“heterogeneous”students to develop and effectively realize their sociality,enabling them to better adapt to the future development of society.This provides new ideas for solving the educational problems of“heterogeneous” students in China:implementing differentiated teaching to promote the individual development of “heterogeneous”students;meeting the extensive educational needs of "heterogeneous" students to strengthen their psychological sense of security;creating a digital education space to pay attention to the long-term development of“heterogeneous”students;accumulating educational wisdom for “heterogeneous”students to continuously improving teachers'educational abilities;optimizing the educational structure for“heterogeneous”students so that achieve the goal of fair and quality education.

关 键 词：俄罗斯教育 “异质体”学生 特殊教育需求 教育公平 教育启示 

分 类 号：G40-059.3[文化科学—教育学原理] G659.512[文化科学—教育学]