佛典数字koti和nayuta汉译演变考  

On the Transliterations and Translations of Sanskrit Numerals koti and Nayuta in Chinese Buddhist Scriptures

作　　者：顾满林[1] GU Man-lin((Institute of Popular Chinese Culture Studies,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,成都610064

出　　处：《语言研究》2021年第3期47-61,共15页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“早期汉译佛经一词多译比较研究”(17BYY062)。

摘　　要：佛经有"六十数"之名,第八个数字为koti,第十二个数字为nayuta。在汉文佛典中,koti相继有"拘利""俱胝"等8种音译形式,nayuta相继有"那术""那由他""那庾多"等8种。二者的音译形式还经常连用,koti在前nayuta在后的相继有"拘利那术""拘胝那由他""俱胝那庾多"等15种连用形式;次序相反的,相继有"那由他俱胝""那庾多拘胝"等8种;两类之中,前一类为常见。koti和nayuta也可以意译,《法华经》(koti)梵汉对勘材料表明,佛经中表示大数的"亿载""亿百千""百千万亿"甚至"亿百千垓兆载"和"亿百千那术垓"之类奇特的数字组合并非译者随意编造,而是严肃对应佛经原典必然会产生的用语现象。佛经中koti和nayuta两个数字的诸多汉译形式,呈现出阶段性的变化,在文献、文字、语音、词汇、语法等方面均留下值得关注的信息。Among the Buddhist "60 numerals", koti is the eighth, while nayuta is the twelveth one. koti has eight different transliterations and nayuta has eight transliterations in Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Owing to the common co-appearance of koti-nayuta in Sanskrit Buddhist Scriptures, the Chinese transliterations of these two terms were often linked together, too. koti and nayuta were often translated into Chinese numerals as well, resulting many unique and odd numeral phrases that should most likely not have been composed but for the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese. In regards to those transliterations and translations of koti and nayuta, it can be observed that translators of different historical periods had their own approaches to deal with numeral terms, although each and every translator worked just with the same kind of earnestness.

关 键 词：佛经 数字 音译 意译 梵汉对勘 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]