羊肚菌菌柄营养成分的分析与评价  

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Stipe of Morchella esculenta

作　　者：张楠[1,3] 叶晶晶 廖春华[1] 罗双艳 杨照明 周颖 唐志艺 ZHANG Nan;YE Jingjing;LIAO Chunhua;LUO Shuangyan;YANG Zhaoming;ZHOU Ying;TANG Zhiyi(College of Life Sciences,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641100,China;Sericultural Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agriculture,Nanchong 637000,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources,Department of Education,Neijiang 641100,China)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院,生命科学学院,四川内江641100 [2]四川省农业科学院,蚕业研究所,四川南充637000 [3]四川省高等学校特色农业资源研究与利用重点实验室,四川内江641100

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2021年第17期335-342,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：四川省教育厅科技成果转化重大培育项目(17CZ0018);内江师范学院校级创新团队(2020TD02)。

摘　　要：为探讨羊肚菌菌柄的营养和应用价值,对2种羊肚菌菌柄的氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素、多糖、多酚、膳食纤维和部分维生素等含量进行了测定分析,并与羊肚菌全剪柄精品(pileus of Morchellaesculenta,PME)进行比较分析。结果表明,羊肚菌菌柄中富含18种氨基酸,9种药效氨基酸含量占总氨基酸量的60%以上,鲜甜味氨基酸含量与苦味氨基酸含量比值大于2.1,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值(E/T值)大于40%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N值)高达70%,E/T值和E/N值均高于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准。梯棱羊肚菌4号和野生羊肚菌菌柄中不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为79.19%和63.62%,均高于其对应PME中的含量,其中,多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于单不饱和脂肪酸含量,以亚油酸为主。羊肚菌菌柄富含矿物质元素,尤其是K、P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe,且Zn/Fe和Zn/Cu较为合理。与PME相比,羊肚菌菌柄中的多糖、多酚和烟酸含量有所下降,但仍保持较高的比例,其中,多糖含量保持在PME的50%以上,而羊肚菌菌柄的价格仅为PME的6%左右,可作为一种经济适用的羊肚菌多糖提取原料。综上,羊肚菌菌柄具有较高的营养价值和药用价值,值得进一步深加工和综合开发利用。To explore the nutrition and application value of stipe from Morchella esculenta,the contents of amino acids,fatty acids,mineral elements,polysaccharide,total phenols,dietary fiber and vitamins from two varieties were determined and analyzed,and then compared with their pileus.The results showed that a total of 18 amino acids were detected,and the proportion of contents of 9 medicinal amino acids to total amino acid contents was more than 60%.The ratio of sweet and fresh taste amino acids to bitter taste amino acids was above 2.1.E/T was more than 40%and E/N was up to 70%,which were higher than FAO/WHO ideal protein standards.The stipes of M.echinacea No.4 and wild M.echinacea were rich in unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),the proportion of UFA to total fatty acids(TFA)were 79.19%and 63.62%,respectively,which was higher than that of their pileuses.Furthermore,the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was significantly higher than that of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),in which the major fatty acid was linoleic acid.In addition,the stipe was in abundance of mineral materials,especially K,P,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,etc.And its ratio of Zn/Fe and Zn/Cu were reasonable.Compared with pileus of M.esculenta,the contents of polysaccharide,total phenol and vitamin B1 in stipe lightly decreased but remained in a high proportion.Moreover,polysaccharide of stipe accounted for above 50%of that of pileus,but the cost of stipe was only about 6%of the price of pileus.Therefore,the stipe of M.echinacea could be used as an economically suitable material for polysaccharide extraction.In conclusion,the stipe of M.echinacea had high nutritional and medicinal value,and it was worth further deep processing and comprehensive utilization.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 菌柄 营养成分 分析 评价 

分 类 号：TS201.7[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]