高中生化学模型认识观评估框架及其应用  

The Application of the Cognitive Assessment Framework of Chemical Model for High School Students

作　　者：江奇芹 李海琴 杨洋[1] 薛亮[3] Jiang Qiqin;Li Haiqin;Yang Yang;Xue Liang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,西安710119 [2]重庆两江新区逸翠小学 [3]陕西师范大学化学化工学

出　　处：《教育测量与评价》2021年第10期35-41,共7页Educational Measurement and Evaluation

摘　　要：化学模型认识观是有关化学模型性质、目的等的基本观点,对化学模型认知活动具有指导作用。在参考国内外相关研究的基础上形成高中生化学模型认识观评估框架,对西安市两所中学626名高中生进行问卷调查,获得高中生化学模型认识观发展的整体情况,并进一步探查年级、性别因素对高中生化学模型认识观的影响。研究发现,高中生在"模型目的"和"建模本质"维度上表现较好,在"模型本质"和"模型评估与修正"维度上存在认识不足;学生化学模型认识观并非随年级增加而逐步上升,在"模型本质"和"建模本质"维度高二学生表现强于高三学生;男生在"模型评估与修正"维度上表现较好,女生对于化学模型概念的认识更为清晰。为了帮助学生形成良好的化学模型认识观,高中化学教师需要借助多样的化学模型改善学生对于化学模型与实物关系的认识;利用化学建模活动培养学生的模型评估与修正意识;注重高三学生模型认识观的发展,结合性别优势进行有针对性的化学模型认识观教育。The cognitive view of chemical model is the basic view about the nature and purpose of chemical model,which can guide the cognitive activities of chemical model.Based on the reference of relevant research at home and abroad,a questionnaire was formed to investigate the cognitive view of chemical model of high school students.626 high school students from two middle schools in Xi’an were tested to obtain the overall situation of the development of cognitive view of chemical model of high school students,and further explore the influence of grade and gender factors on the cognitive view of chemical model of high school students.The results show that high school students perform better in the dimensions of"purpose of model"and"essence of model",but lack of understanding in the dimensions of"model essence"and"model evaluation and modification".Students’cognition of chemical model does not gradually rise with grade,and the performance of grade two students in"model essence"and"essence of model"is better than that of grade three students.Male students performed better in"model evaluation and modification",while female students had a clearer understanding of chemical model cognition.In order to help students form a good understanding of chemical models,high school Chemistry teachers need to improve students’understanding of the relationship between chemical models and objects by means of various chemical models.It is supposed to cultivate students’awareness of model assessment and revision through chemical modeling activities,pay attention to the development of model cognition of senior three students,and carry out targeted education combining the weak dimension of male and female biochemical model viewpoints.

关 键 词：高中生 化学模型 模型认识 化学建模 模型认识观 

分 类 号：G40-058.1[文化科学—教育学原理]