市售东海鱼鲞生物胺及相关质量指标分析  

Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Related Quality Indexes of Commercial Dry Salted Fish in the East China Sea

作　　者：陶耀宏 汤海青[1] 欧昌荣[2] 朱俊俏 TAO Yaohong;TANG Haiqing;OU Changrong;ZHU Junqiao(Department of Food Science,Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College,Ningbo 315500,China;College of Food and Pharaceutical Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315800,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江医药高等专科学校食品学院,浙江宁波315500 [2]宁波大学食品与药学学院,浙江宁波315800

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2021年第24期263-270,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家星火计划(2015GA701039);浙江省公益研究项目(GN18C200033);宁波市自然科学基金(2017A610289);校级重点科研课题(ZPCSR2015014,ZPCSR2015002)。

摘　　要：为研究零售期东海鱼鲞的生物胺潜在风险及生物胺与品质指标的相关性,以浙江地区的4种鱼鲞(鳗鱼、大黄鱼、鲳鱼和马鲛鱼)为研究对象,对理化指标(水分含量、NaCl、pH、TVB-N和POV)、微生物指标(菌落总数)和8种生物胺进行测定分析。结果表明,4类鱼鲞的理化、微生物和生物胺指标各不相同。水分含量为25.6%~59.7%,NaCl含量为3.4%~24.1%,pH为6.08~6.97,TVB-N为7.7~56.4 mg/100 g,菌落总数为3.43~5.67 lg CFU/g,POV为0.04~1.76 g/100 g,其中50%样品超过水产干制品POV限值。鱼鲞样品的主要生物胺为亚精胺、组胺、尸胺和腐胺。15%的样品组胺含量>100 mg/kg,超过FDA和/或欧盟的限量标准,其中黄鱼鯗B4的组胺含量达到了1405.88 mg/kg。全部样品的酪胺含量均<100 mg/kg,符合FDA限量标准。生物胺总量在96.05~2164.64 mg/kg之间,其中15%的样品>1000 mg/kg,超过FDA限量标准。相关分析表明,部分生物胺指标与菌落总数和NaCl含量呈中度或高度相关(P<0.05),相关系数r分别为0.727~0.975和-0.828~-0.970。综上,东海鱼鯗,包括以非高组胺鱼为原料的产品,可能存在生物胺超标风险及其他质量问题。本研究为鱼鲞类水产干制品的品质评价和安全控制提供了基础数据和参考依据。In order to study the potential risk of biogenic amines and the correlation between biogenic amines and quality indexes of dry salted fish from East China Sea during retail period, the physical and chemical indexes(water content, NaCl,pH, TVB-N and POV), microbial index(aerobic plate count) and eight biogenic amines of four species of dry salted fish(sea eel, large yellow croaker, pomfret and mackerel) in Zhejiang province were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical indexes, microbial index and biogenic amines of the four dry salted fish were different.The water content was 25.6%~59.7%, the NaCl content was 3.4%~24.1%, pH was 6.08~6.97, TVB-N content was 7.7~56.4 mg/100 g, POV was 0.04~1.76 g/100 g, the total bacterial count was 3.43~5.67 lg CFU/g, and 50% of the samples exceeded the POV limit of dried aquatic products. Spermidine, histamine, cadaverine and putrescine were the main biogenic amines in dry salted fish. 15% of the samples contained histamine more than 100 mg/kg, which exceeded the limit standards of FDA and EU. The histamine content of B4 reached 1405.88 mg/kg. The tyramine content of all samples was less than100 mg/kg, which met the limit of FDA. The total amounts of biogenic amines ranged from 96.05 mg/kg to 2164.64 mg/kg,and 15% of the samples were more than 1000 mg kg, which exceeded the limit standards of FDA. Correlation analysis showed that some biogenic amines indexes were moderately or highly correlated with aerobic plate count and NaCl content(P<0.05), and the correlation coefficients were 0.727~0.975 and -0.828~0.970, respectively. In conclusion, dry slated fish from the East China Sea, including products made from non high histamine fish, might have the risk of excessive biogenic amines and other quality problems. This study provides basic data and reference for quality evaluation and safety control of dry slated fish products.

关 键 词：东海鱼鲞 生物胺 菌落总数 理化指标 相关性分析 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]