2018—2020年宝鸡市食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况的调查研究  

Investigation on the contamination of Bacillus cereus in food in Baoji City from 2018 to 2020

作　　者：张丽萍[1] 高涛[1] 魏雯[1] 薛莉[1] 任婧[1] 赖专华[1] ZHANG Li-ping;GAO Tao;WEI Wen;XUE Li;REN Jing;LAI Zhuan-hua(Baoji Center far Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 721006,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心,陕西721006

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第12期1128-1131,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：陕西省卫计委2014年科研项目(2014C6)。

摘　　要：目的了解宝鸡市食品样品中蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,BC)的污染状况,为食品监管提供有效的科学依据。方法按照GB/T 4789.14—2003《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验蜡样芽孢杆菌检验》中的方法采集宝鸡市2018年1月—2020年12月辖区内的187份食品样品进行检测分析。结果6类187份食品样品检出33株蜡样芽孢杆菌,阳性检出率为17.65%。各类食品样品中均检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,且不同类型食品样品中蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.099,P=0.021),其中麦片等冲调谷物阳性检出率最高(32.56%),中式凉拌菜检出率最低(6.67%);一年四季均检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,第二、第三季度阳性率最高,但不同季度蜡样芽孢杆菌的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.460,P=0.707);蜡样芽孢杆菌阳性样品含菌数在6类食品样品中的总体分布差异有统计学意义(H=17.248,P=0.004),其中含菌数<10^(2)CFU/g的16份,占阳性菌株的48.48%,含菌数10^(4)CFU/g检出数占阳性菌株的6.06%。结论宝鸡市各类食品样品中均有蜡样芽孢杆菌的污染,特别关注麦片等冲调谷物食品的污染,相关部门应加大监管力度,以预防食源性疾病的发生。Objective To investigate the contamination status of Bacillus cereus(BC)in food samples in Baoji City,and to provide an effective scientific basis for food supervision.Methods According to the method in GB/T 4789.14—2003 Food Microbiology Inspection of Bacillus cereus,187 food samples in Baoji City from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected for detection and analysis.Results A total of 33 strains of Bacillus cereus were detected in 187 food samples of 6 categories,and the positive detection rate was 17.65%.Bacillus cereus was detected in all kinds of food samples,and the difference in the detection rate of Bacillus cereus in different types of food was statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.099,P=0.021).The positive detection rate of cereals and other prepared cereals was the highest(32.56%),and the positive rate of Chinese cold vegetables was the lowest(6.67%).Bacillus cereus was detected throughout the year,and the positive rate of Bacillus cereus was the highest in the second and third quarters,but there was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of Bacillus cereus in different quarters(χ^(2)=1.460,P=0.707).There were statistically significant differences in the overall distribution of Bacillus cereus positive samples among the 6 types of food samples(H=17.248,P=0.004).Among them,16 samples with bacteria content<10^(2)CFU/g accounted for 48.48%of the positive strains,and the number of bacteria content 10^(4)CFU/g accounted for 6.06%of the positive strains.Conclusion Contamination with Bacillus cereus was found in all types of food samples in Baoji,with particular concern for contamination of oatmeal and other prepared grain food.Relevant departments should strengthen supervision and control to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

关 键 词：蜡样芽孢杆菌 食品 污染 食源性疾病 监测 检出率 菌落形成单位 食物中毒 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R516.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]