学生成就目标定向的结构维度、理论依据及对学业发展的影响  

The Structural,Theoretical Basis and Influence onAcademic Development of Student Achievement Goal Orientation

作　　者：党宝宝[1] 祁生琴 DANG Bao-bao;QI Sheng-qin(Research Center for Education of Northwest Ethnic Minorities,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学西北少数民族教育发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2022年第1期46-54,共9页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“文化生态视野下藏族中学生理科学业成就的影响机制研究”(19YJC880015);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“甘肃藏区加快推进国家通用语言文字教育的保障机制研究”(20YB042);西北师范大学2021年度青年教师科研能力提升计划(NWNU-SKQN2021-16)。

摘　　要：成就目标定向是学习者目标达成的重要动力机制,有助于学生建立积极的学业倾向,促进学生发展和学业质量的提升。成就目标定向的结构早期被分解为“成绩目标”和“学习目标”,并由此衍生出了“2×2结构”和“3×2结构”维度。研究依据行为动力学假说、自我效能感理论、成就动机理论和自我归因理论等阐释了成就目标定向的发生机制。研究认为,趋近目标定向可降低学生的考试焦虑程度,有助于提升个体语言技能;掌握目标定向有助于提升学生的学业成绩,激发学生的学习兴趣,并塑造学生的完美主义人格特质。未来的研究需开展大量的跨文化的比较研究,扩大研究对象的范畴,使用实验法等多元化的研究方法,验证成就目标定向结构模型的科学性,探明成就目标定向影响机理,强化教育干预与认知训练的实践研究,提升成就目标定向的应用价值。Achievement goal orientation is an important motivation mechanism for learners to achieve achievement goals.It helps students establish a positive academic orientation,promotes students'development and improves academic quality.Achievement goal orientation was divided)into“achievement goal”and“learning goal”in the early stage,and the“2×2 structure”and“3×2 structure”models were derived from this.The author explained the mechanism of achievement goal orientation based on behavioral dynamics hypothesis,self-efficacy theory,achievement motivation theory and self-attribution theory.The study indicated that approaching successful goal orientation could reduce students'test anxiety and help improve individual language skills;mastering goal orientation could help improve students'academic performance,stimulate students'interest in learning,and shape students'perfectionist personality traits.Future researches need to carry out a large number of cross-cultural comparative studies,expand the scope of research objects,use experimental methods and other diversified research methods,verify the scientificity of the achievement goal orientation structure model,explore the mechanism of achievement goal orientation influence,and strengthen educational intervention,in addition,strengthen the practical research of educational intervention and cognitive training to enhance the application value of achievement goal orientation.

关 键 词：成就目标定向 学习动机 行为倾向性 学业成就 

分 类 号：G455[文化科学—教育学] G444[文化科学—教育技术学]