论陶行知对职业教育的先驱性探索  

On Tao Xingzhi’s Pioneering Exploration of Vocational Education

作　　者：赵婧[1] 周洪宇[2] Zhao Jing;Zhou Hongyu(Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000;College of Education of Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院文学院,信阳464000 [2]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2021年第34期12-18,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2018年教育学重大招标课题“建设教育强国的国际经验与中国路径研究”(VGA180002),主持人:周洪宇;河南省2020年高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2020GGJS161),主持人:赵婧;信阳师范学院2022年度校级教师教育改革重点课题“‘生活实践’教育视阈下高等师范院校‘四位一体’职前教师培养理论与实践研究”,主持人:赵婧。

摘　　要：陶行知在职业教育方面进行了先驱性探索,这与当时处于半封建半殖民地的社会背景密不可分;同时,深受杜威、蔡元培、黄炎培等人思想的影响,他的职业教育思想汇入生活教育学说并不断发展演变。他认为,职业教育本质观表现在:以生利为主义的职业教育本质;以物利群与以事利群的职业教育功能;衣食乐业的职业教育目的。师资观表现在:有生利之经验;别具生利之学识;为生利之教授法。发展观表现在职业教师、设备、课程、学生之发展。他在职业教育实践方面进行了"平民教育""乡村小学、幼稚园""山海工学团"等先驱性探索。陶行知职业教育思想中"生利主义""艺友制"等思想与实践,对中国职业教育发展尤其是中国特色学徒制产生了重要的影响。Tao Xingzhi had made pioneering exploration in vocational education,which was inseparable from the semi-feudal and semicolonial social background at that time;at the same time,he was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Dewey,Cai Yuanpei and Huang Yanpei.In the later period,his vocational education thought had developed and evolved into the theory of life education.He made a pioneering exploration on the theory of vocational education.The view of the essence of vocational education is as follows:the essence of vocational education based on profit;the vocational education function of benefiting the group by material and matter;the purpose of vocational education.The view of teachers is manifested in:having experience of the profit making;having the special knowledge of profit;teaching for making profit of students.The concept of development is reflected in the development of vocational teachers,equipment,curriculum and students.He has made pioneering explorations in the practice of vocational education,such as“civilian education”“rural primary schools,kindergartens”“Shanhai Engineering Group”and so on.Tao Xingzhi’s thought and practice of“profit making”and“art friend system”have had important impact on the development of Chinese vocational education,especially the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：陶行知 职业教育 生利主义 生活教育 

分 类 号：G719.29[文化科学—职业技术教育学]