基于HS-SPME/GC-MS和电子感官技术考察柏子仁变质前后的品质变化  

Analysis of Quality Changes of Platycladi Semen Before and After Deterioration Based on HS-SPME/GC-MS and Electronic Sensory Technology

作　　者：刘震营 徐靓 吴翠[1,2] 徐博 李卓俊 宋平平 王慧君 巢志茂 LIU Zhenying;XU Liang;WU Cui;XU Bo;LI Zhuojun;SONG Pingping;WANG Huijun;CHAO Zhimao(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Storage&Packaging Position of National Technical System of Chinese Medicinal Materials Industry,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]国家中药材产业技术体系贮藏与包装岗位,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第21期129-137,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-21);中国中医科学院科技创新工程重大攻关项目(CI2021A04512)。

摘　　要：目的:分析柏子仁在贮藏过程中经历虫蛀、酸败等变质现象前后的品质变化。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME/GC-MS)及电子鼻、电子舌等电子感官技术对正常、虫蛀、氧化酸败、水解酸败4种类型的柏子仁药材进行挥发性成分、气味、滋味的测定。通过检索质谱库和人工比对鉴定挥发性成分,利用电子鼻和电子舌的传感器的响应值来确定气味和滋味,并通过多元统计分析研究样品变质前后的差异性。结果:柏子仁样品中共鉴定出85个化合物。与正常样品比较,水解酸败样品的挥发性成分数量减少5个,虫蛀和氧化酸败样品的挥发性成分数量分别增加1、21个,种类上以醛类和酸类成分为主。其中氧化酸败样品中正己酸、己醛、丙酸的含量较正常样品明显提高,相对质量分数分别达到了11.49%、10.21%、7.52%,成为酸败现象的关键指标。电子鼻分析认为W1W、W2W和W1S传感器对应的气味成分差异明显。电子舌分析认为变质后药材的酸味响应值普遍增大。通过多元统计分析后认为虫蛀样品在挥发性成分、气味和滋味方面与正常样品相比变化较小,而酸败后的样品变化较大,尤其是氧化酸败样品。结论:对于柏子仁来说,自然条件下12个月贮藏引起的氧化酸败对质量的影响最大,为了保证柏子仁质量,应该主要从防止氧化酸败方面入手。Objective:To analyze the quality changes of Platycladi Semen before and after the deterioration of moth-eaten and rancidity during storage.Method:Four types samples of Platycladi Semen,including normal,moth-eaten,oxidative rancidity and hydrolytic rancidity,were determined for volatile components,odor,and taste based on headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)and electronic sensory techniques such as electronic nose and electronic tongue.Volatile components were identified by searching the database and manual comparison,the odor and taste were determined by the response values of the electronic nose and electronic tongue sensors,and the difference between samples before and after deterioration was studied by multivariate statistical analysis.Result:A total of 85 compounds were identified in Platycladi Semen samples.Compared with the normal samples,the number of volatile compounds in samples after hydrolytic rancidity decreased by 5,the number of volatile compounds in samples after moth-eaten and oxidative rancidity increased by 1 and 21,respectively.Aldehydes and acids accounted for majority of types.Among them,the contents of N-hexanoic acid,hexanal and propionic acid in the samples of oxidative rancidity reached 11.49%,10.21% and 7.52%,which became the key indicators of rancidity.There was significant variance among the odor components corresponding to W1W,W2W and W1S sensors by electronic nose analysis.It was indicated that the value of sourness in deteriorated samples generally increased by mean of electronic tongue analysis.Compared with normal samples,the motheaten samples had changed slightly and rancidity samples had changed significantly especially oxidative rancidity samples of volatile components,odor and taste by multivariate statistical analysis.Conclusion:In terms of Platycladi Semen,the oxidative rancidity caused by nature storage for 12 months has the greatest impact on the quality.Therefore,it should be mainly to prevent oxidative rancidity to ensu

关 键 词：柏子仁 挥发性成分 顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME/GC-MS) 电子鼻 电子舌 虫蛀 酸败 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R914[理学—分析化学] O657[理学—化学]