椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及毒素的污染调查与湿米粉生产风险控制  

Investigation on Contamination of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.Farinofermentans and Risk Control of Wet Rice Noodle Production

作　　者：朱文娟 黄永德 黄秀丽 赵智锋 陈文财 游泽文 张丰芸 陈榕德 林铁豪[2] 陈嘉聪 Zhu Wenjuan;Huang Yongde;Huang Xiuli;Zhao Zhifeng;Chen Wencai;You Zewen;Zhang Fengyun;Chen Rongde;Lin Tiehao;Chen Jiacong(Huizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control,Huizhou 516003;Guangdong Institute for Drug Control,Guangzhou 510663)

机构地区：[1]惠州市食品药品检验所,惠州516000 [2]广东省药品检验所,广州510663

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2022年第12期203-211,共9页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：惠州市科技计划项目(2021WC010301,2020SC0204013)。

摘　　要：本文研究了木耳、大米、淀粉及米面制品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及其毒素的污染情况,并找出湿米粉生产风险控制的关键点。以生产企业、超市、农贸市场、餐饮单位为采样点,随机抽取生产环节132份样品,包括原料25份、成品11份和环境样品96份;流通环节食品样品144份,按照GB 4789.29—2020唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌(椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种)进行检验,并结合VITEK2和MALDI TOF MS进行菌种鉴定和建立进化树;采用本实验室建立的液质方法同时检测食品样品中的米酵菌酸和毒黄素。研究结果表明,生产环节原料、成品和流通环节的食品样品共180份均未检出米酵菌酸和毒黄素,分离出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌25株,主要来自于木耳和大米;生产环节中的96份环境样本中未检出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌;分离菌株有四种产毒类型,分别为只产米酵菌酸、只产毒黄素、两种毒素均产和两种毒素均不产;其中6株为椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种,检出率为3%(6/276);两种毒素的产量与菌株的培养温度呈正相关,在培养温度为30℃时达到最高值;利用MALDI TOF MS图谱对分离菌株进行K类聚类分析,发现同一产地的大米有很高的亲缘性,可通过此方法对菌株进行溯源。说明木耳及大米较易受到椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的污染,湿米粉生产过程中,企业应将原料间原料和其他生产车间进行有效分隔,防止成品受到原料粉尘或包装袋上微生物的二次污染;在流通环节中,采取低温的保存方式,可减少毒素的产生,最大限度降低或消除风险隐患。The contamination of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp was studied in the present study. Farin of ermentans and its toxin in fungus, rice, starch and rice noodle products, and finds out the key points of risk control for wet rice noodle production. The experiment took production companies, supermarkets, farmer’s markets, and catering units as sampling points, and randomly selected 132 samples in the production process, including 25 raw materials, 11 finished products and 96 environmental samples;144 food samples in circulation, in accordance with GB 4789.29-2020 Burkholderia gladiolus(Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.)was tested, and VITEK2 and MALDI TOF MS were used for strain identification and evolutionary tree establishment;UPLC-MS/MS method established in our laboratory was used to simultaneously detect the Bongkrekic acid and Toxoflavin in food samples. The results of the study showed that 180 samples of raw materials, finished products and food samples in circulation were not detected in Bongkrekic acid and Toxoflavin, 25 strains of Burkholderia gladiolus were isolated, mainly from fungus and rice;no Burkholderia gladiolus was detected in 96 environmental samples during the production process;there were four types of isolated strains that produce toxins, namely, only producing Bongkrekic acid, only producing Toxoflavin, producing both toxins and neither producing toxins;among them, 6 strains were Pseudomonas cocovenenans, fermented, the detection rate was 3%(6/276);The yield of the two toxins was positively correlated with the culture temperature of the strain, reaching the highest value when the culture temperature was 30 ℃;The K-type cluster analysis of the isolated strains by means of the MALDI TOF MS map showed that the rice from the same producing area had a high degree of affinity, and the strains could be traced through this method. The result showed that fungus and rice were more susceptible to contamination by Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. fermented. During the production of wet rice noodles, com

关 键 词：椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种 米酵菌酸 毒黄素 湿米粉 风险控制 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]