走向自由乐感境界的“圣人”:阳明心学的审美之维  

Saint Moving Towards the Free and Happy Realm:Aesthetic Dimension of Yangming's Philosophy of the Mind

作　　者：谭玉龙[1] TAN Yulong(School of Media Art,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学传媒艺术学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期8-13,共6页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“甲金简帛中的美学思想研究”(21CZX060)。

摘　　要：王阳明在反思“天理”给人带来的紧张对立基础上,建构起以“心”为本体、本源的心学理论体系。阳明心学旨在倡导人们在心上做工夫,存天理,去人欲,实现人生境界的提升,最终成为“圣人”。在王阳明看来,圣人是人欲尽除、良知昭然之人,圣人爱无等差、与天地万物浑然一体,圣人境界指向审美境界。当人进入了审美的圣人之境中,“良知”复得,与物一体,与物无对,心中毫无贵贱之分、得失之计较,人由有限进入无限,“乐”油然生于内心,而此“乐”乃超越七情的精神之乐、自得之乐,所以作为审美境界的“圣人”同时又是一种自由的乐感之境。阳明心学以成“圣”为指归,不仅揭示出中华美学具有人生美学的特质,还具有积极的现实意义,引导人们超越种种束缚、强制而走向无限、自由,感受超越的精神之乐。On the basis of rethinking the opposition given to people by“heavenly principles”,Wang Yangming constructs a theory system of philosophy of the mind with“mind”as the noumenon and origin.The aim of Yangming's philosophy of the mind is to promote people to practise in mind,to keep heavenly principles,to get rid of man's desires,to elevate the life realm and to become“saints”finally.Wang Yangming thinks that the saints are those who exterminate all the desires,have clear conscience,love all things and people equally,and become an integral part of the universe.Therefore,the realm of saints points to the aesthetic one.They will regain conscience,become integrated and unopposed with things,have no distinction between high and low and no concern for gains and losses,go from finiteness to infiniteness,which causes the happiness arising in the mind spontaneously.The happiness is a kind of spiritual pleasure and self-enjoyment beyond the seven human emotions,so the saint as an aesthetic realm is also a free and happy realm.Yangming's philosophy of the mind regards becoming“saints”as a goal.It not only reveals that Chinese aesthetics has a character of life aesthetics,but also has a positive actual significance in leading people to surpass various constraints to go towards the infiniteness and freedom,and to feel the transcendental spiritual happiness.

关 键 词：阳明心学 圣人 审美境界 自由 乐感 

分 类 号：B83-09[哲学宗教—美学]